Breast cancer drug delivery by novel drug-loaded chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles

Abstract

Background Breast cancer is one of the most challenging cancers among women which is considered one of the most lethal cancers to this date. From the time that cancer has been discovered, finding the best therapeutic method is still an ongoing process. As a novel therapeutic method, nanomedicine has brought a vast number of materials that could versatilely be used as a drug carrier. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel black pomegranate peel extract loaded with chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles to treat breast cancer cells. Results The morphology and size distribution of the nanoparticles studied by dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, scanning, and transitional electron microscopy showed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles and their promising size range. Studies by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, and zeta sizer confirmed the synthesis, substantial crystallinity, magnetic potential of the nanoparticles, and their satisfactory stability. The DPPH assay revealed that the obtained black pomegranate peel extract has 60% free radical scavenging activity. The cytotoxicity studies by MTT and LDH assay carried out on NIH/3T3, MBA-MB-231, and 4T1 cells confirmed that the magnetic nanoparticles had no significant cytotoxicity on the cells. However, the drug-loaded nanoparticles could significantly eradicate cancerous cells which had more efficiency comparing to free drug. Furthermore, free drug and drug-loaded nanoparticles had no toxic effect on normal cells. Conclusion Owing to the results achieved from this study, the novel drug-loaded nanoparticles are compatible to be used for breast cancer treatment and could potentially be used for further in vivo studies.

Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Chemogenic and Biogenic Nano-sulfur on Human Carcinoma Cells: A Comparative Study

“…The viability of cells was measured on a microplate reader at an absorbance wavelength of 570 nm using the reference standard at 630 nm . Further, a linear regression equation was used to determine the IC 50 value and percentage cell viability …”

“…60 Further, a linear regression equation was used to determine the IC 50 value and percentage cell viability. 69 Analysis of Apoptotic Activity. To study apoptosis, 3 × 10 5 cells per well (A549, A431, and HL60) were seeded in six-well plates and incubated for 24 h at 37 °C.…”

Potential Economic Value of Chitin and Its Derivatives as Major Biomaterials of Seafood Waste, with Particular Reference to Southeast Asia

“…Chitosan, an economical multifunctional polymer with several desirable physicochemical and biological characteristics, obtainable from seafood waste, has been investigated for use in agriculture, pharmacy, and biomedicine. In the past two years, research has focused on exploring the potential of chitosan application, especially within the areas of the food industry [173][174][175], health care [176][177][178], and environmental application [179,180]. Through its numerous functional groups, chitosan allows for diverse forms of interaction, such as ionic hydrogen bonding, which is one of the reasons for its appeal in a variety of applications [181,182].…”

“…Chitosan is one of the popular materials for the development of therapeutic and diagnostic applications and also in the area of nanomedicine [176][177][178] to improve drug delivery efficiency and drug therapeutic index [187,188]. Nanoparticle products for the diagnosis of cancer imaging as well as for pharmacotherapeutic treatment have been established, and the fabrication of nanoparticle systems by applying chitosan has been explored.…”

Nano-Based Theranostic Platforms for Breast Cancer: A Review of Latest Advancements

“…Their findings revealed that anti-EGFR aptamer-conducted lipid transporters could be a promising nanocarrier device for RNA intervention and fluorescence imaging of these highly invasive BC cells [ 46 , 76 ]. In 2021, Taherian and coworkers characterized chitosan-coated magentic NPs and examined their efficiency as black pomegranate peel extract (PPE) transporters [ 77 ]. Their results indicated that the drug-loaded NPs can eradicated cancerous cells significantly compared to that of free drug alone.…”