Breast-cancer diagnosis using hair

Briki, Fatma; Busson, Bertrand; Salicru, B.; Estève, François; Doucet, J.

doi:10.1038/22244

Cited by 46 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…(2) These patterns of biomarker expression in normal women are similar in breast cancer and breast skin epithelial cells of women with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), but are at significantly higher levels in both breast cancer cells and skin from the same subjects. (3) In normal women, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) is not expressed in either breast epithelial cells or skin epithelial cells. (4) HER-2 is expressed in the breast skin of some subjects with HER-2-positive breast cancer.…”

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confidence: 99%

Localised breast cancers may have systemic influences on skin and hair

Lawson

Tran²

2006

J Clin Pathol

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Hypothesis: Biomarkers, commonly expressed in breast cancer cells, may be correlated with their expression in breast skin of the same subjects. Methods: The expression of biomarkers in specimens from 33 breast tumours and breast skin from the same subject and from 32 normal controls was studied using immunohistochemical techniques. Results: (1) In normal women, there are significant correlations between the levels of expression of cyclin D1, bcl-2 and p53 in normal breast epithelial cells and breast skin epithelial cells. (2) These patterns of biomarker expression in normal women are similar in breast cancer and breast skin epithelial cells of women with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), but are at significantly higher levels in both breast cancer cells and skin from the same subjects. (3) In normal women, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) is not expressed in either breast epithelial cells or skin epithelial cells. (4) HER-2 is expressed in the breast skin of some subjects with HER-2-positive breast cancer. (5) Positive oestrogen receptor alpha expression occurs significantly more frequently in the breast skin of women with IDC and DCIS than in normal controls. Conclusion: The influence of localised breast cancer seems to be systemic, and leads to changes in skin and hair.A bnormal x ray diffraction patterns have been observed in the hair of women with breast cancer.1 2 Although this finding has been disputed, it is biologically plausible that the abnormal hormone receptor and oncogene expression commonly associated with carcinogenesis in breast tissues may also occur in skin tissues and are associated with changes in hair.3 4 This biological plausibility is based on the following: (1) breasts are specialised sweat glands that originate in skin, (2) hair also originates in skin; and (3) oestrogen and other hormones are metabolised in skin and hair follicles. Oestrogen receptor alpha (ERa), progesterone receptors, B cell lymphoma (bcl)-2, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2/neu or c-erbB2), cyclin D1 and p53 proteins are abnormally highly expressed in many breast cancer tumours. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Oestrogen and progesterone receptors are hormone receptors associated with cell growth; cyclin D1 is associated with cell replication; bcl-2 and p53 are regarded as tumour suppressor genes; and HER-2 is regarded as an oncogene. However, the roles of these receptors and genes are more complex than indicated by these simple role definitions.We hypothesised that the expression of these biomarkers in breast cancer cells may be correlated with their expression in breast skin of the same subjects. To test this hypothesis, we studied the expression of these biomarkers in breast tissues and breast skin of 23 patients with invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC), 10 patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 32 normal subjects. We have shown that this hypothesis may be correct. METHODSArchival formalin-fixed, paraffin-wax-mounted, open breast biopsy specim...

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confidence: 99%

Localised breast cancers may have systemic influences on skin and hair

Lawson

Tran²

2006

J Clin Pathol

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“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The technical explanations for these replication failures [12][13][14][15][16] provide insight into the experimental challenges. Myer et al, 9 whose diffraction data was not of sufficient quality to demonstrate a correlation between an altered X-ray diffraction pattern and the presence of breast cancer, sent the 27 samples they had examined to James who subsequently performed X-ray diffraction analyses on them in a blinded study.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of breast cancer by X‐ray diffraction of hair

Corino¹,

French²

2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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This article presents the results of analyses of hair fibers from women with breast cancer using synchrotron-derived X-ray diffraction. These diffraction patterns contained a new feature superimposed on the normal diffraction pattern of a-keratin. The feature appeared as a ring with a molecular spacing determined to be 4.76 6 0.07 nm. This feature was not present in the diffraction patterns of hair from women without breast cancer as assessed by other routine clinical diagnostic techniques. Furthermore, different hairs from the same subject analysed on two different synchrotron beamlines give remarkably consistent diffraction patterns. Previous studies by other investigators have suggested that analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns of hair can reveal the presence of breast cancer in clinical and preclinical trials. This finding, however, has not been independently confirmed. The methodologies of sample handling, sample exposure and image analysis are known to be vital. We discuss some of these issues and provide a detailed description of the methodology employed for the sample handling and image analysis and new methodologies developed from this work. We conclude that X-ray diffraction of hair has the potential to provide a non-invasive test for the presence of breast cancer. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: X-ray diffraction; hair; breast cancer; synchrotron In 1999 James et al. reported differences in the X-ray diffraction patterns of hair from individuals with breast cancer compared to healthy subjects.1 The X-ray diffraction patterns of hair from cancer patients contained a ring of comparatively low intensity, which was superimposed on the normal a-keratin pattern obtained from healthy control subjects and which corresponded to a molecular spacing of d 5 4.44 nm. This ring was reportedly observed in all samples of scalp and/or pubic hair taken from women diagnosed with breast cancer, as well as from subjects ''not yet diagnosed with breast cancer but suspected of being at risk''. In other words, a number of false positives were identified. Subsequent papers by James and coworkers reported X-ray diffraction analysis results of blinded human samples, which were consistent with the initial publication.2,3 The later paper reported on the results of 503 blinded hair sample analyses and demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% (no false negatives) and a specificity of 86% (14% false positives by comparison to mammography) for breast cancer.However, the finding remained highly controversial as several groups independent of James attempted to replicate the original findings and all were unsuccessful. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The technical explanations for these replication failures [12][13][14][15][16] provide insight into the experimental challenges. Myer et al., 9 whose diffraction data was not of sufficient quality to demonstrate a correlation between an altered X-ray diffraction pattern and the presence of breast cancer, sent the 27 samples they had examined to James who subsequently performed X-ray diffraction a...

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“…For example, earlier [14] the method of breast cancer diagnostics based on wool structure investigation by X-rays was proposed. Later investigations [15,16] had not confirmed these data. Nonetheless, research of wool structure for diagnostics applications are carrying on (see, for example, [17]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Change of Optical Properties of Hair Cells During Malignant Tumor Development

Maryakhina

Scheglova

Anenkova

2015

JBPE

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Abstract. The results of experimental investigations on the differences of wool microstructure and its biophysical properties of healthy mice and mice with malignant tumour are represented in the paper. It is shown that destruction of wool structure as well as biochemical composition change of wool cells is during pathology development. Difference is seen even when tumour is small. We have shown that the general regularity of spectral measurements for mammary and hair cells is conserved at health state and pathology present. Taking into account this, the represented data about wool structure can be used to improve the optical techniques for non--invasive diagnostics of cancer diseases at different stages of pathology. © 2015 Samara State Aerospace University (SSAU).

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Breast-cancer diagnosis using hair

Cited by 46 publications

References 3 publications

Localised breast cancers may have systemic influences on skin and hair

Localised breast cancers may have systemic influences on skin and hair

Diagnosis of breast cancer by X‐ray diffraction of hair

Change of Optical Properties of Hair Cells During Malignant Tumor Development

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