Breast Cancer Detection of Large Size to DCIS by Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Using NIRS

Abstract

This investigation aimed to test all tumor-bearing patients who undergo biopsy to see if angiogenesis and hypoxia can detect cancer. We used continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure blood hemoglobin concentration to obtain blood volume or total hemoglobin [Hbtot] and oxygen saturation for the angiogenesis and hypoxic biomarkers. The contralateral breast was used as a reference to derive the difference from breast tumor as a difference in total hemoglobin Δ[HBtot] and a difference in deoxygenation Δ([Hb]-[HbO2]). A total of 91 invasive cancers, 26 DCIS, 45 fibroblastomas, 96 benign tumors excluding cysts, and 67 normal breasts were examined from four hospitals. In larger-size tumors, there is significantly higher deoxygenation in invasive and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) than in that of benign tumors, but no significant difference was seen in smaller tumors of ≤ 1 cm. With the two parameters of high total hemoglobin and hypoxia score, the sensitivity and specificity of cancer detection were 60.3 % and 85.3 %, respectively. In summary, smaller-size tumors are difficult to detect with NIRS, whereas DCIS can be detected by the same total hemoglobin and hypoxic score in our study.

Targeting temporal dynamics of microenvironmental factors halts tumor migration and alleviates effects of dynamic tumor heterogeneity

“…Solid tumor growth generates multiple layers of cells that build a physical barrier to diffusion of oxygen, nutrients and metabolites (Vaupel and Harrison, 2004), leading to an hypoxic tumor microenvironment. This hypoxic microenvironment drives aggressive phenotype due to activation of various downstream signaling pathways (Nioka et al, 2013;Rankin and Giaccia, 2016;Singh et al, 2016;Vaapil et al, 2012). Hypoxic microenvironment further induces secretome containing sheddases and proteases that reshape the tumor microenvironment, modulate cellular phenotypes, and affect drug responses (Karagiannis et al, 2010;Miller et al, 2016;Miller et al, 2017;Rankin and Giaccia, 2016).…”

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Bio-Applications

“…Nonetheless, good image contrast was obtained, with promising prospects for early diagnosis and prescreening breast cancer. Nioka et al developed an approach based on NIR spectroscopy for breast tumor diagnosis in patients undergoing biopsy [30]. Continuous SW-NIR spectroscopy was employed to measure blood volume and blood hemoglobin concentration.…”

“…It was concluded that smaller-size tumors are more challenging for detection by NIR spectroscopy, whereas ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) can be detected using configurations presented in the study. It was noted that for larger-size tumors, a significantly higher deoxygenation occurs in DCIS than in benign tumors [30].…”

“…Nioka et al developed an approach based on NIR spectroscopy for breast tumor diagnosis in patients undergoing biopsy [ 30 ]. Continuous SW-NIR spectroscopy was employed to measure blood volume and blood hemoglobin concentration.…”

Advances in translational imaging of the microcirculation

“…However, diffuse optical imaging wherein individual microvessels are not spatially resolvable is also an emerging area of clinical optical imaging. [78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85] First described by Jöbsis in 1977, 86 near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is the dominant diffuse optical imaging modality used in the clinic. NIRS uses near-infrared light (650-900 nm) and achieves deeper tissue penetration (e.g, mm to cm) than visible light at the expense of reduced spatial resolution.…”