Breast Cancer Detection and Classification Empowered With Transfer Learning

Abstract

Cancer is a major public health issue in the modern world. Breast cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the breast and spreads to other parts of the body. One of the most common types of cancer that kill women is breast cancer. When cells become uncontrollably large, cancer develops. There are various types of breast cancer. The proposed model discussed benign and malignant breast cancer. In computer-aided diagnosis systems, the identification and classification of breast cancer using histopathology and ultrasound images are critical steps. Investigators have demonstrated the ability to automate the initial level identification and classification of the tumor throughout the last few decades. Breast cancer can be detected early, allowing patients to obtain proper therapy and thereby increase their chances of survival. Deep learning (DL), machine learning (ML), and transfer learning (TL) techniques are used to solve many medical issues. There are several scientific studies in the previous literature on the categorization and identification of cancer tumors using various types of models but with some limitations. However, research is hampered by the lack of a dataset. The proposed methodology is created to help with the automatic identification and diagnosis of breast cancer. Our main contribution is that the proposed model used the transfer learning technique on three datasets, A, B, C, and A2, A2 is the dataset A with two classes. In this study, ultrasound images and histopathology images are used. The model used in this work is a customized CNN-AlexNet, which was trained according to the requirements of the datasets. This is also one of the contributions of this work. The results have shown that the proposed system empowered with transfer learning achieved the highest accuracy than the existing models on datasets A, B, C, and A2.

Biomedical Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Using Deep Learning and Multiple Classifiers

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the number women dying due to cancer was roughly 627,000, and this number could increase rapidly in the coming years [ 1 , 2 ]. It is crucial to detect breast cancer in its early stage to prepare a treatment plan to save lives [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) is the most common breast cancer type.…”

“…Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) is the most common breast cancer type. This name was given because the cancer starts and develops inside the milk ducts; 90% of reported breast cancer cases are diagnosed with this type [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. In most cases, patients feel no pain, and no symptoms appear; however, symptoms and signs can appear in advanced stages, when it could be too late to treat [ 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

“…This name was given because the cancer starts and develops inside the milk ducts; 90% of reported breast cancer cases are diagnosed with this type [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. In most cases, patients feel no pain, and no symptoms appear; however, symptoms and signs can appear in advanced stages, when it could be too late to treat [ 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. These symptoms can be changes in shape, size, appearance, a newly inverted nipple, breast tenderness, and itching.…”

“…These symptoms can be changes in shape, size, appearance, a newly inverted nipple, breast tenderness, and itching. However, breast lumps do not always imply cancer since some lumps occur due to infections [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. A breast cancer diagnosis can be performed through self-examination, physical examination, or a mammogram.…”

“…In [ 6 ], S. Arooj et al presented a method to detect breast cancer using a transfer learning methodology. The authors utilized three datasets, A, B, and C; dataset A was divided into two classes, A2.…”