Breast Cancer and Pregnancy

Nugent, Philip; O’Connell, Theodore X.

doi:10.1001/archsurg.1985.01390350007001

Cited by 166 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Additionally, this review notes that the mean age at diagnosis for breast cancer from 2000 to 2003 was 61 years, and only approximately 12.7% of women were between the ages of 20 and 44 [1]. Of women diagnosed with breast cancer younger than 40 years, only approximately 10% will be pregnant [2,3]. These data certainly suggest a low incidence of pregnancy-associated breast cancer.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A milk-rejection sign has been described rarely in case reports when a nursing infant refuses a lactating breast that harbors occult carcinoma [29,30]. The differential diagnosis of a pregnancy-associated breast mass is broad and includes: [2] 100% (4) 50% (15) Petrek et al/1991 [18] 82% (22) 47% (34) Ishida et al/1992 [9] 90% (71) 52% (101) Kuerer et al/1997 [23] 60% (14) 45% (12) Bonnier et al/1997 [27] 63% (50) 31% (64) Reed et al/2003 [17] 62% (31) 40% (69) n ¼ sample size. Abbreviations: diff, differentiated; IDC, invasive ductal carcinoma; IHC, immunohistochemical examination; ILC, invasive lobular carcinoma; LBA, ligand-based assay; med, medullary carcinoma; mod, moderately; N, number of subjects; N.E., not examined; NPCs, nonpregnant controls.…”

Section: Diagnostic Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. Of women diagnosed with breast cancer younger than 40 years, only approximately 10% will be pregnant [2,3]. These data certainly suggest a low incidence of pregnancy-associated breast cancer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer: A Literature Review

Barnes

Newman

2007

Surgical Clinics of North America

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Breast cancer, along with cervical cancer, is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers of pregnancy. Most would define gestational breast cancer as breast cancer that is diagnosed during pregnancy, lactation, and up to 12 months post-partum. The diagnostic and therapeutic implications in this clinical setting are special. These women typically present with a more advanced-stage disease that carries an associated poorer prognosis. Physicians thus are challenged to balance aggressive maternal care with appropriate modifications that will ensure fetal protection. . Of women diagnosed with breast cancer younger than 40 years, only approximately 10% will be pregnant [2,3]. These data certainly suggest a low incidence of pregnancy-associated breast cancer. In fact, historically, the incidence is estimated at 1 in 3000 pregnancies [4][5][6]. Despite the overall low incidence, however, gestational breast cancer is one of the most common pregnancy-associated malignancies, second only to cervical cancer [4,6]. Notably, many have offered that this incidence will only increase as more women delay childbearing until later in life [4,7]. This concern is based on the fact that pregnancy-associated breast cancer is age-related, and women

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnostic Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer: A Literature Review

Barnes

Newman

2007

Surgical Clinics of North America

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“…later age. It is estimated that 10 % of breast cancer cases affecting women ≤40 years of age are pregnancy related [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of Pregnancy Associated Breast Cancer – A Matched Case Control Study

Madaras

Kovács

Szász

et al. 2013

Pathol. Oncol. Res.

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Pregnancy Associated Breast Cancer (PABC) manifests during pregnancy or within a year following delivery. We sought to investigate differences in management, outcome, clinical, histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) characteristics of PABC and matched controls in a retrospective case control study. PABC and control patients were selected from breast cancer cases of women ≤45 years, diagnosed in the

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“…The prognosis of pregnancy associated breast cancer is similar to breast cancers unrelated to pregnancy when matched according to age and stage of the disease (13,33,(72)(73)(74). On the other hand, several existing data indicate that advaced stage cancer prognosis is worst in the pregnancy associated group when compared to stage matched cases unrelated to pregnancy (13,16,75,76).…”

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy associated breast cancer and pregnancy after breast cancer treatment

Döğer¹,

Çalışkan²,

Mallmann³

2011

J Turkish German Gynecol Assoc

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Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed during pregnancy and its frequency is increasing as more women postpone their pregnancies to their thirties and forties. Breast cancer diagnosis during pregnancy and lactation is difficult and complex both for the patient and doctors. Delay in diagnosis is frequent and treatment modalities are difficult to accept for the pregnant women. The common treatment approach is surgery after diagnosis, chemotherapy after the first trimester and radiotherapy after delivery. Even though early stage breast cancers have similar prognosis, advanced stage breast cancers diagnosed during pregnancy and lactation have poorer prognosis than similar stage breast cancers diagnosed in non-pregnant women. Women who desire to become pregnant after treatment of breast cancer will have many conflicts. Although the most common concern is recurrence of breast cancer due to pregnancy, the studies conducted showed that pregnancy has no negative effect on breast cancer prognosis. In this review we search for the frequency of breast cancer during pregnancy, the histopathological findings, risk factor, diagnostic and treatment modalities. We reviewed the literature for evidence based findings to help consult the patients on the outcome of breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy and lactation, and also inform the patients who desire to become pregnant after breast cancer according to current evidences. (J Turkish-German Gynecol Assoc 2011; 12: 247-55)

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Breast Cancer and Pregnancy

Cited by 166 publications

References 10 publications

Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer: A Literature Review

Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer: A Literature Review

Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of Pregnancy Associated Breast Cancer – A Matched Case Control Study

Pregnancy associated breast cancer and pregnancy after breast cancer treatment

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