Breast Anatomy and Physiology

McGuire, Kandace P.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22843-3_1

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…Extending into the axilla, there is a continuation of the upper outer quadrant of the breast, often referred to as the "tail of Spence." (McGuire, 2016) The composition of the breasts comprises various mixtures of tissue components, and its makeup depends on several factors, including age, hormonal influences, structural changes (congenital, degenerative, or pathologic), and individual characteristics. In young women, breast tissue is primarily composed of parenchyma with minimal fat content.…”

Section: Sonographic Anatomy Of the Breastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi-Rads Classification for Breast Ultrasound : A Review

Abdulloh,

Ni'mah

2023

COMORBID

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Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women worldwide. According to statistics from GLOBOCAN 2020, 1.2 million women are diagnosed with breast cancer each year, and 410,000 (35%) will die from this disease. Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women in Indonesia, accounting for 30.8% of all female cancer cases in 2020 and causing 20.4% of female cancer-related deaths in the same year. Breast cancer screening plays a vital role in reducing deaths caused by breast cancer. Various breast cancer imaging techniques have been introduced for diagnosing breast cancer, such as Magnetic Resonance (MR) mammography, Ultrasound, Elastography, Mammography, and Automated Breast Ultrasound (ABUS). Ultrasound (US) and mammography are the two most important modalities for breast imaging. In younger women under the age of 35, ultrasound is the primary tool used to investigate breast problems. Even in the older age group, ultrasound plays a crucial role in breast imaging, particularly for the assessment of mass lesions. Breast ultrasound can be used for both screening and diagnostic purposes. Ultrasound evaluates breast tissue without the use of ionizing radiation or the injection of contrast material and is affordable, readily available, and well-tolerated by patients. The American College of Radiology (ACR) proposed the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) to standardize the characterization of sonographic breast lesions according to five criteria categories: mass shape, orientation, margin, echo pattern, and posterior features.

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Section: Sonographic Anatomy Of the Breastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi-Rads Classification for Breast Ultrasound : A Review

Abdulloh,

Ni'mah

2023

COMORBID

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Bioenergetic analysis and anthropometric evaluation of bra-breast interface for improved design and breast health

Hamandi,

Pooler,

Runser

et al. 2024

Res Intell Manuf Assem

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Bioenergetics analysis of bra-breast Interface is an important technique for improving the design of bras and promoting breast health and comfort during physical activity. The objective of this study is to evaluate the compatibility between the anatomy of the breasts and bra. The study encompasses breast anthropometry via measurement. A measurement topology was proposed to determine breast mass, volume, shape, and asymmetry under loading (with-bra) and unloading (without-bra). Using the anthropometric data, the bioenergetics of the breasts were determined and compared to the rest of the body. From the bioenergetic analysis, a larger breast could require up to 69 J of energy during walking. The average mass of a breast ranges from 500 to 1000 g. Assuming breast shape to be standard, semi-conical, semi-spherical and semi-elliptical, breast volume was determined where semi conical and semi spherical breast shapes consistently predicted lower bound volume for each breast, whereas the standard and semi elliptical breast shapes predicted higher volume for the same breasts measurements. Mathematically, the medial-lateral boundaries of the breast were described by a secant of a curve, aligned on the coronal plane, causing eccentric loading when the two breast nipples were on different transverse planes. When this variation was more than 5% volume change, asymmetric breast shapes occurred and was responsible to displace bra heterogeneously compromising fit and support. A non-linear, leaf-function describing the relationship between the breast radius and volume invoked at a given body weight. In general, the current design for a bra assumes that the breasts are symmetrical, though the current investigation proves that this is not the case. The bra needs to be redesigned to better fit women, since left and right sides are not symmetrical. This is a significant problem today, as it is estimated that nearly 80% of women wear incorrectly- sized bras; 70% wore bras that are too small, and 10% wore bras that are too big. Current investigation highlights the crucial importance of incorporating the distance between the nipples into bra design to achieve optimal support, comfort, symmetry, and minimize breast movement. It ensures that the bra cups are positioned optimally to provide effective support and enhance the natural shape of the breasts. If the current bra models are redesigned, the amount of discomfort in women could potentially decrease.

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Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Breast Cancer Detection

Aswathy

Mani

2020

Handbook of Research on Applications and Implementations of Machine Learning Techniques

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As per the latest health ministry registries of 2017-2018, breast cancer among women has ranked number one in India and number two in United States. Despite the fact that breast cancer affects men also, pervasiveness is lower in men than women. This is the reason breast cancer is such a vital concern among ladies. Roughly 80% of cancer malignancies emerge from epithelial cells inside breast tissues. In breast cancer spectrum, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) are considered malignant cancers that need treatment and care. This chapter mainly deals with breast cancer and machine learning (ML) applications. All through this chapter, different issues related to breast cancer prognosis and early detection and diagnostic techniques using various ML algorithms are addressed.

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Breast Anatomy and Physiology

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Bi-Rads Classification for Breast Ultrasound : A Review

Bi-Rads Classification for Breast Ultrasound : A Review

Bioenergetic analysis and anthropometric evaluation of bra-breast interface for improved design and breast health

Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Breast Cancer Detection

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