Breakwater rehabilitation study, Crescent City Harbor, California : coastal model investigation / by R. Clay Baumgartner, Robert D. Carver, D. Donald Davidson.

Baumgartner, René; Carver, Robert D.; Davidson, D. Donald

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.48311

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(1 reference statement)

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“…Splints are widely used to treat conditions that require joint immobilization, such as osteoarthritis or ulnar collateral ligament tears . For decades, they have often incorporated thermoplastics to enable the patient to conform the splint to their body and reshape it if they experience discomfort . Applying the heat necessary to soften the thermoplastics, however, requires bulky or specialized equipment like heat guns or water baths that make on‐the‐go adjustments impractical.…”

Section: Comparison Between Thermally Activated Stiffness‐tuning Methmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Metal‐Conductive Thermoplastic Elastomer Integration for Low‐Voltage Stiffness Tuning

Rich

Jang

Park

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Technologies

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and reversibly change rigidity is also attractive for artificial muscle actuators, [5,6] which are becoming increasingly suitable for wearable devices. The goal of rigidity tuning has been addressed using methods like solvent interactions, [7] pneumatic jamming, [8,9] electrostatic adhesion, [10] antagonistic actuator architectures, [11][12][13] fluidic flexible matrix composites, [14] phase-change materials, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and magnetorheological fluids. [28] The diversity of these methods results in an equally diverse range of technical challenges, such as long activation times, high activation voltages, [10,15] limited scalability and structural versatility, [11][12][13]26,27] and a dependence on bulky auxiliary equipment. [8,9,14,17,28] At present, there remains to be an electrically powered method for reversible rigidity tuning that exhibits <5 s, <20 V, actuation in a size-scalable architecture that allows for integration into a wide range of systems.In this work, we introduce a rigiditytuning material architecture that changes stiffness in response to moderate electrical voltage (Figure 1a,b and Video S1 (Supporting Information)). Furthermore, we demonstrate its feasibility in both tensile and flexural applications, via an active tendon in an underactuated robotic finger model [29] and a moldable splint (Figure 1c,d). The tendon consists of a conductive thermoplastic elastomer (cTPE) coated with a ≈10-140 µm layer of spray-deposited eutectic gallium-indium liquid metal alloy (EGaIn) [30] and embedded in a silicone matrix ( Figure 1b). Applying voltage to the EGaIn electrodes causes electric current to travel through the cTPE element. This induces rapid Joule heating in the cTPE, bringing it to the melting temperature, above which it softens and can no longer support a tensile load. When current is removed, the element cools and solidifies, and its stiffness is restored. Previously, shape memory polymers (SMPs) [16,[18][19][20][23][24][25]31] and low-melting-point alloys [20][21][22]26,27,32] have also been incorporated into reversible, stiffness-based adhesives and rigidity-tuning elements. Although some of these methods may have very large stiffness change ratios, they typically require external heating equipment or long activation times ( Table 1). Shan et al. exploited Joule heating to directly electrically activate cTPE; however, this technique required activation voltages of above 100 V. [15] We build on previous work with cTPE by introducing a novel design, in which a pair of liquid metal electrodes is oriented on opposite sides of the cTPE. This configuration minimizes the An electrically responsive composite is introduced that exhibits muscle-like changes in elastic stiffness (≈1-10 MPa) when stimulated with moderate voltages (5-20 V). The stiffness-tuning element contains an embedded layer of conductive thermoplastic elastomer (cTPE), composed of a propylene-ethylene copolymer and a percolating network of carbon black. Two opposite surfaces of the cTPE layer ar...

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Section: Comparison Between Thermally Activated Stiffness‐tuning Methmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Metal‐Conductive Thermoplastic Elastomer Integration for Low‐Voltage Stiffness Tuning

Rich

Jang

Park

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Technologies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Unfortunately, many of the studies of the effects of prenatal drug exposure on infant growth and development have been hampered by small samples and screening difficulties (Baumgartner & Berka, 1989;Neerhof, MacGregor, Retzky, & Sullivan, 1989; see reviews by Newpiel& Hamel, 1991; Tronick & Beeghly, 1992; Zuckerman & Bresnahan, 1991) thus precluding multivariate analyses. Two exceptions are studies by Zuckerman et al (1989) and Handler, Kistin, Davis, and Ferre (1991).…”

Section: Effects Of Prenatal Exposure To Cocaine On Physical Growth Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of prenatal exposure to cocaine in early infancy: Toxic effects on the process of mutual regulation

Beeghly

Tronick

1994

Infant Ment. Health J.

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In this paper, recent studies of the effects of prenatal cocaine abuse and other toxic substances on infant behavior and development during early infancy are critically reviewed. The inevitable conclusion from this review is that compromising main effects of single drugs such as cocaine on infant behavior and development have not been reliably established. It is argued that the long‐term developmental outcome of prenatally drug‐exposed infants cannot be fully understood without a thorough consideration of other confounding factors associated with prenatal drug use, such as the quality of the infant's postnatal caregiving environment. Specifically, it is argued that the infant's ability to resolve macro‐level developmental tasks during early infancy such as physiologic and behavioral state regulation, sustained face‐to‐face interaction, and joint attention to objects is primarily determined by dyadic processes at a micro‐level; namely, via the communicative and affective mutually regulated processes established over time by the exposed infant and its caregiver. Critically, these processes are affected both by the biological competence of the infant and by the protective or disruptive role of the caregiving environment. Both caregiver and infant factors associated with cocaine exposure that may disrupt the regulatory capacity of the dyad are described, and illustrations of how resulting dyadic dysregulation may preclude the infant's successful resolution of current and future developmental tasks are provided. Thus it is argued that to understand the effects of cocaine on development we must understand the process of mutual regulation of the cocaine‐exposed dyad. Des études récentes sur les effets de l'abus prénatal de cocaïne et d'autres substances toxiques sur le comportement du nourrisson et le développement durant la toute petite enfance sont examinées de manière critique dans cet article. l'inévitable conclusion à laquelle est parvenu ce travail est que certains effets majeurs compromettants de drogues comme la cocaïne sur le comportement et le développement du nourrisson n'ont pas été sérieusement établis. Nous argumentons que le résultat à long terme en matière de développement de nourrissons prénatalement exposés à la drogue en peut pas ětre complètement compris sans une considération approfondie d'autres facteurs associés a l'utilisation parentale de la drogue ainsi que la qualité de l'environnement post‐natal de mode de soin du nourrisson. De manière plus spécifique, nous argumentons que la capacité du nourrisson à résoudre des těches de développement à un macro‐niveau durant la petite enfance comme par exemple la régulation de l'état physiologique et comportemental, l'interaction těte‐à‐těte soutenue, et l'attention bilatérale à des objets est essentiellement déterminée par des processus dyadiques à un micro‐niveau; c'est‐à‐dire via les processus communicatifs et affectifs réglés mutuellement qui ont été établis au fil du temps par le nourrisson exposé et le mode de soin. Ces processus sont sévèr...

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“…Intensive training delivered by a therapist soon after the injury can effectively restore motor functions needed for independent living. However, even top hospitals only devote a limited amount of time to the rehabilitation of motor functions, according to Baumgartner (2009). Since the original protocol for obtaining maximum strength data was not motivating enough, we developed the game called Flying with Friends.…”

Section: Rehabilitation Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pros and Cons of Computer-Assisted Rehabilitation

Ferencik

Hudák²,

Kohan³

et al. 2022

Uniciencia

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This article summarized the knowledge obtained from exercises with patients using computer-assisted rehabilitation. Working with a wide base of healthy individuals and patients with various problems yielded the results to summarize. This work utilized several rehabilitation devices using computer games and uncovered positive and negative aspects of contemporary rehabilitation procedures. we conclude in this research computer-assisted rehabilitation is the future of modern rehabilitation, so it is necessary to know all factors affecting patients’ health.

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Breakwater rehabilitation study, Crescent City Harbor, California : coastal model investigation / by R. Clay Baumgartner, Robert D. Carver, D. Donald Davidson.

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Liquid Metal‐Conductive Thermoplastic Elastomer Integration for Low‐Voltage Stiffness Tuning

Liquid Metal‐Conductive Thermoplastic Elastomer Integration for Low‐Voltage Stiffness Tuning

Effects of prenatal exposure to cocaine in early infancy: Toxic effects on the process of mutual regulation

Pros and Cons of Computer-Assisted Rehabilitation

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