Breakup of a Round Liquid Jet in a Low Weber Number Cross Flow

Pulat, O.

doi:10.2514/6.2007-1339

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The controlling flow parameters are characterized by the following non-dimensional quantities 2,35–37 …”

Section: Experimental Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of free stream air velocity on water droplet size and its distribution under varying conditions of fluid pressure, free stream air velocity, and viscosity for an impaction spray nozzle was studied by Walton et al 1 The authors concluded that increasing the free-stream air velocity reduces the SMD of the droplets. Pulat and Parthasarathy 2 experimentally observed that the liquid jet in a low Weber number air crossflow did not follow the boundary of the jet but passed around the liquid column like the flow around a solid cylinder. Patil and Sahu 3 investigated water spray visualisation using a laser sheet imaging technique for multi-jet air blast atomizers (six jets) and twin jet air blast atomizers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the years, many researchers have studied the atomization characteristics of liquid fuel, its atomization effect and mixing effect on engine performance, and liquid fuel penetration under transverse jet conditions. The effects of various factors such as injection mode, [2][3][4][5][6] physical properties of liquid, 2 jet hole shape, [6][7][8][9] droplet diameter, 10,11 droplet size distribution, 11,12 and droplet velocity 2,10 were studied. The main disadvantage of liquid fuel is that it is highly corrosive and toxic to life and the environment in the event of accidental leaks and spills.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental investigation of crossflow air effect on spray characteristics of gelled Jet-A1 fuel using an internally impinging air-blast atomizer

Pandian

Das

2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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The present study aims to experimentally analyse the influence of crossflow aerodynamic parameters on the spray characteristics of gelled Jet-A1 fuel. A Jet-A1 gel fuel is prepared by combining 85 percentage by weight (wt. %) of Jet-A1 liquid as base fuel with an organo-gel solution having Thixatrol ST (7.5 wt. %) as gelling agent and Rectified xylene (7.5 wt. %) as solvent. Shear flow test is performed on the gel fuel using a rotational rheometer, to understand its non-Newtonian rheological properties. An internally impinging air blast atomizer is used to study the gel spray characteristics by injecting the gel fuel transversely into the subsonic cross flowing airstream environment. Gel spray images are captured by generating a laser sheet along the midplane of the test section across the crossflow air stream direction using the Laser Sheet Photography (LSP) technique. The captured gel spray images are used to visualize the gel spray structure in both spray axis as well as the crossflow air stream direction. These images are then investigated by developing an algorithm in MATLAB using an image processing tool. By incorporating the canny edge detection method into the MATLAB code, gel spray characteristics such as droplet size distribution, Sauter-mean-diameter, Arithmetic-mean-diameter, windward trajectories, and maximum penetration height are determined. Further, the effect of aerodynamic parameters such as crossflow Reynolds’ number and aerodynamic Weber number on the gel spray characteristics are investigated. Droplet size distribution and maximum penetration height of gelled Jet-A1 spray revealed its dependence on crossflow Reynolds’ number. Sauter-Mean-Diameter of gel droplets and windward trajectories of the gel spray decreases significantly as the aerodynamic Weber number increases. Thus, it can be concluded that the fineness of the spray is also a function of the crossflow aerodynamic parameters other than the atomizer.

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“…The controlling flow parameters are characterized by the following non-dimensional quantities 2,35–37 …”

Section: Experimental Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Experimental investigation of crossflow air effect on spray characteristics of gelled Jet-A1 fuel using an internally impinging air-blast atomizer

Pandian

Das

2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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“…Over the decades, many researchers conducted several studies on the atomization characteristics of liquid fuels, mixing methods and atomization and its effects on combustion performance, and penetration of liquid fuels under transverse jet conditions. The influence of various factors such as injection mode, 7,10,14,15,17 liquid fuel physical properties, 7 atomizers exit orifice diameter, [17][18][19][20] droplet-diameter, 21,22 droplet-size-distribution, 22,23 and droplet-velocity 7,21 were investigated. From earlier investigations by various researchers, they found that the major drawback of liquid fuel is that it is extremely corrosive and noxious to both humans and the atmosphere in the event of accidental leaks and spills.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors concluded that the spray’s spreading area, width, and height increase with the increase in the fuel/air momentum ratio. The primary break-up of a rounded water jet was experimentally studied by Pulat and Parthasarathy 7 in a low Weber number gaseous cross-flow, and they identified different wake regions at the immediate rear portion of the jet in the momentum ratio ranging from 10 to 40. Liquid jet atomization in subsonic cross-flow was experimentally investigated by Eslamian et al 8 in elevated pressure region and temperature region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of atomizer and cross-flows on liquid and gelled Jet A-1 fuel injection

Pandian,

Das

2023

International Journal of Engine Research

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The current study aims to experimentally investigate the effect of atomizer and cross-flow velocities on liquid and gelled Jet A-1 fuels. For gelled Jet A-1, Jet A-1 liquid, Thixatrol® ST and rectified xylene are the base fuel, gellant and solvent, respectively. Gelled Jet A-1 is prepared by adding 85% by weight of base fuel along with 7.5% by weight of gellant and solvent, each at optimum processing conditions. Atomization using a simple-plain-orifice atomizer is investigated to understand its effect on Jet A-1 gel fuel break-up without air cross-flow. Based on the investigation from qualitative flow visualization and quantitative analysis of Jet A-1 gel fuel break-up, a modified simple-plain-orifice atomizer called an internally impinging air-blast atomizer is made. Primary atomization using this new atomizer is studied to understand the break-up of liquid and gelled Jet A-1 gel fuels without any air cross-flow. Secondary atomization of liquid and gel fuel is investigated by transversely injecting fuel into different low-speed subsonic air cross-flow environments. Laser sheet Imaging (LSI) technique is used to capture spray images of both fuels. Break-up mechanisms of both liquid and gel fuels were observed, and the results were compared. Information on the cross-flow air mass flow rate effect on the liquid and gel spray is extracted by developing an algorithm in MATLAB using an image processing tool. Relative droplet size distribution of liquid and gel spray revealed their dependence on cross-flow air mass flow rate. Total droplet count of both liquid and gel fuel decreases significantly as the cross-flow Reynolds’ number increases. At higher cross-flow Reynolds’ number, gel droplets in the flow are observed to be more as compared to liquid fuel.

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Breakup of a Round Liquid Jet in a Low Weber Number Cross Flow

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

Experimental investigation of crossflow air effect on spray characteristics of gelled Jet-A1 fuel using an internally impinging air-blast atomizer

Experimental investigation of crossflow air effect on spray characteristics of gelled Jet-A1 fuel using an internally impinging air-blast atomizer

Effect of atomizer and cross-flows on liquid and gelled Jet A-1 fuel injection

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