Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Individuals Primed with Heterologous Vaccines Enhances Inhibition Performance of Neutralizing Antibody to BA.2 Parental Lineage

Szekely, Jidapa; Swangphon, Piyawut; Nanakorn, Natthaphon; Chaimuti, Panuttha; Nualnoi, Teerapat; Wongwitwichot, Paweena; Somapa, Namchoke; Somapa, Denpong; Pengsakul, Theerakamol

doi:10.3390/vaccines11071230

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…Currently-circulating omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant and its derivatives led to soaring rates of breakthrough infections due to the high density of mutations in the spike protein facilitating immune escape [15][16][17] . We and others have previously shown that vaccinated individuals with omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection show superior plasma neutralization capacity against the omicron variant [18][19][20][21] . It is however unclear whether this is merely due to the boosting of vaccine-induced broadly-specific neutralizing antibodies or also due to the naïve B cell priming and production of antibodies targeting mutated neutralizing epitopes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Vaccination impairs de novo immune response to omicron breakthrough infection, a precondition for the original antigenic sin

Pusnik,

Zorn,

Monzon-Posadas

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Several studies have suggested the imprinting of SARS-CoV-2 immunity by original immune challenge without addressing the formation of the de novo response to successive antigen exposures. As this is crucial for the development of the original antigenic sin, we assessed the immune response against the mutated epitopes of omicron SARS-CoV-2 after vaccine breakthrough. Our data demonstrated a robust humoral response in thrice-vaccinated individuals following omicron breakthrough which was a recall of vaccine-induced memory. The humoral and memory B cell responses against the altered regions of the omicron surface proteins were impaired. The T cell responses to mutated epitopes of the omicron spike protein were present due to the high cross-reactivity of vaccine-induced T cells rather than the formation of a de novo response. Our findings, therefore, underpin the speculation that the imprinting of SARS-CoV-2 immunity by vaccination may lead to the development of original antigenic sin if future variants overcome the vaccine-induced immunity.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Vaccination impairs de novo immune response to omicron breakthrough infection, a precondition for the original antigenic sin

Pusnik,

Zorn,

Monzon-Posadas

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Vaccination impairs de novo immune response to omicron breakthrough infection, a precondition for the original antigenic sin

Pušnik,

Zorn,

Monzon-Posadas

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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Several studies have suggested the imprinting of SARS-CoV-2 immunity by original immune challenge without addressing the formation of the de novo response to successive antigen exposures. As this is crucial for the development of the original antigenic sin, we assessed the immune response against the mutated epitopes of omicron SARS-CoV-2 after vaccine breakthrough. Our data demonstrate a robust humoral response in thrice-vaccinated individuals following omicron breakthrough which is a recall of vaccine-induced memory. The humoral and memory B cell responses against the altered regions of the omicron surface proteins are impaired. The T cell responses to mutated epitopes of the omicron spike protein are present due to the high cross-reactivity of vaccine-induced T cells rather than the formation of a de novo response. Our findings, therefore, underpin the speculation that the imprinting of SARS-CoV-2 immunity by vaccination may lead to the development of original antigenic sin if future variants overcome the vaccine-induced immunity.

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Analysis of the humoral and cell-mediated immune response in heterologous and homologous SARS-CoV-2 revaccination

Drapkina,

Chashchin,

Berns

et al. 2023

Cardiovasc Ther Prev

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The effectiveness of humoral and cell-mediated immunity as a result of primary vaccination for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- related CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as well as the effectiveness of revaccination, is an important research problem. Studying and selecting optimal revaccination regimens will allow for long-term protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Aim. To study the severity of humoral and cell-mediated immune response in various (homo- and heterologous) SARS-CoV-2 revaccination regimens as part of a prospective observational study 18 and 24 months after primary vaccination.Material and methods. The study was carried out within the prospective registry SATURN, which included individuals who received various SARS-CoV-2 revaccination (homo- and heterologous regimens) based on a combination of two following vaccines: Gam- COVID-Vac and CoviVac. Depending on the chosen regimen, 3 following groups were formed: group I (n=106) — participants with a homologous Gam- COVID-Vac regimen at each stage of vaccination and revaccination; group II (n=54) — participants with a heterologous regimen of sequential administration of Gam- COVID-Vac and CoviVac at the stage of vaccination and revaccination; group III (n=40) — participants with a homologous CoviVac regimen at the stage of vaccination and revaccination. At the first visit, all participants underwent a medical history collection, examination, and identification of potential contraindications to vaccination. At each subsequent visit, the level of anti- SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein IgG antibodies was additionally determined. At visits 1, 3 and 5, the activity of specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes to the surface and nuclear antigen of SARS-CoV-2 was assessed. The IgG concentration was analyzed using the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG reagent kit, while T-cell immunity was assessed using the T-Spot.COVID test system (Oxford Immunotec). Visit 1 corresponded to the 1st stage of primary vaccination, visit 2 — 2nd stage of primary vaccination, visit 3 (12 months after visit 1) — 1st stage of revaccination, visit 3 (21 days after visit 3) — 2nd stage of revaccination, visit 5 –18 months after primary vaccination, visit 6 — 24 months after primary vaccination.Results. The average level of anti- SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein IgG antibodies in group I at visit 3 was 520 [478; 540] BAU/ml, in group II — 499 [199,5; 540] BAU/ml and in group III — 456 [389; 509,5] BAU/ml. The values were comparable to those obtained at visit 6. However, in group II, IgG level at visit 5 was significantly higher compared to visit 6 (p=0,001). The greatest decrease by visit 5 in the number of active T cells responding to SARS-CoV-2 Spike stimulation was recorded in group III (5,00 [0,50; 11,50] vs 1,00 [0,00; 5,50]; relative changes -80,0%; p=0,067). Also, among patients in group III, there was a significant decrease in the number of active T cells responding to stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (10,00 [3,00; 22,50] vs 1,00 [0,00; 11,50]; relative changes -90,0%; p=0,0160). Participants in groups I and II demonstrated stable results on visit 5, relative to visit 3. In all studied groups, no significant relationship was found between IgG levels to SARS-CoV-2 S-glycopeptide and the number of active T cells. Strong positive relationships were found between the level of active T cells responding to SARS-CoV-2 spike stimulation and the level of active T cells responding to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid stimulation: group I (ρ=0,807; p<0,001), group II (ρ=0,748; p<0,001) and group III (ρ=0,902; p<0,001).Conclusion. The use of homologous and heterologous SARS-CoV-2 vaccination demonstrates relatively stable level of both humoral and cell-mediated 18 and 24 months after the first stage of vaccination. Revaccination with a homologous regimen (CoviVac at both stages) ensured stable level of anti- SARS-CoV-2 S-glycopeptide IgG antibodies. However, this regimen was characterized by a significant decrease in the long-term period in the number of active T cells responding to stimulation of SARS-CoV-2 surface and nuclear antigen.

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Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Individuals Primed with Heterologous Vaccines Enhances Inhibition Performance of Neutralizing Antibody to BA.2 Parental Lineage

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Vaccination impairs de novo immune response to omicron breakthrough infection, a precondition for the original antigenic sin

Vaccination impairs de novo immune response to omicron breakthrough infection, a precondition for the original antigenic sin

Vaccination impairs de novo immune response to omicron breakthrough infection, a precondition for the original antigenic sin

Analysis of the humoral and cell-mediated immune response in heterologous and homologous SARS-CoV-2 revaccination

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