Breakthrough pain: progress in management

Abstract

Data from epidemiological and clinical studies show that breakthrough pain remains a challenge especially among cancer patients. An accurate diagnosis followed by a specific treatment is the key for an effective pain relief.

Cancer Breakthrough Pain: Clinical Assessment and Management

“…However, some people describe BTP using the features of persistent pain beyond the controlled baselines of chronic pain, such as incident pain, episodic pain, transitory pain, and intermittent pain as a replacement term. 13 Actually, because the mechanisms and incidents that trigger BTP are very complex, there is no absolutely consistent term available to describe this kind of pain. However, according to most researches and suggestions from clinical experts, BTP is ultimately the most consistent term that is widely used.…”

“…Pain was probably caused by exercise, coughing, breathing, swallowing, or unknown factors: more information is listed in Table 1. 13 In addition, based on patients' medical histories and pathological examination results, BTP could be classified into four types: predictable incident pain, unpredictable incident pain, idiopathic pain, and end-of-dose pain. 4 Incident pain was the most common type and was connected with patients' activities, movements, and bone metastases.…”

Erfahrungen von Tumorpatienten mit Durchbruchschmerzen und medikamentösen Behandlungen

“…B. Tramadol) oder solchen mit verzögertem Wirkeintritt und langer Halbwertszeit (z. B. Oxycodon, Levomethadon) gemacht, die in der Durchbruchanalgesie nach heutigem Kenntnisstand keinen optimalen Behandlungserfolg versprechen [9].…”

Sedierung und Analgesie auf der Intensivstation: Physiologie und Anwendung

“…Aus diesem Grund werden auch für diese Anwendung immer öfter schnell wirksame Applikationsformen wie z.B. Fentanyl-Buccaltabletten und FentanylNasalsprays verwendet [86].…”