Breakthrough infections after COVID-19 vaccination: Insights, perspectives and challenges

Amanatidou, Evropi; Gkiouliava, Anna; Pella, Eva; Serafidi, Maria; Tsilingiris, Dimitrios; Vallianou, Natalia; Karampela, Ιrene; Dalamaga, Maria

doi:10.1016/j.metop.2022.100180

Cited by 57 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, these infections pose a risk of transmission to vulnerable populations as most of these breakthrough infections are mild or asymptomatic [4, 39]. In addition to waning of vaccine-induced immunity over time, genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 also affect vaccine-induced immune responses [23]. Compared to Alpha and Delta variants, the Omicron variant causes higher rates of breakthrough infection and lower hospitalization rates [23, 40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to waning of vaccine-induced immunity over time, genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 also affect vaccine-induced immune responses [23]. Compared to Alpha and Delta variants, the Omicron variant causes higher rates of breakthrough infection and lower hospitalization rates [23, 40]. Moreover, the transmissibility of Omicron is higher than its predecessors; this is mainly attributed to the high number of mutations in the spike protein [12, 41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high number of mutations contributed to 3-fold higher binding affinity of the RBD of Omicron to the ACE2 receptor compared to Wuhan HU-1 and Delta [42, 43]. Studies also showed that vaccine effectiveness against Omicron variant was lower than that of Delta and that neutralizing antibody activity against Omicron is significantly lower than Beta and Delta variants [17, 23, 44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, the Omicron variant requires 20 to 40 times more neutralization antibodies than Delta, which might have contributed to higher breakthrough infection among people with only two vaccine doses [22]. The resurgence of SARS-CoV-2 is attributed to waning of immunity over time and emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants [23]. These breakthrough infections carry an infectious potential especially since these infections are mostly asymptomatic and thus would increase the risk of viral spread to high-at-risk populations [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic Surveillance of SARS CoV2 in COVID-19 vaccinated healthcare workers in Lebanon

Kalamouni

Hassan

Hamdan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants including the Delta and Omicron along with waning of vaccine-induced immunity over time contributed to increased rates of breakthrough infection specifically among healthcare workers (HCWs). SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance is an important tool for timely detection and characterization of circulating variants as well as monitoring the emergence of new strains. Our study is the first national SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance among HCWs in Lebanon. We collected 250 samples from five hospitals across Lebanon between December 2021 and January 2022. We extracted viral RNA and performed whole genome sequencing using the Illumina NextSeq 500 platform. A total of 133 (57.1%) samples belonging to the Omicron (BA.1.1) sub-lineage were identified, as well as 44 (18.9%) samples belonging to the BA.1 sub-lineage, 28 (12%) belonging to the BA.2 sub-lineage, and only 15 (6.6%) samples belonging to the Delta variant sub-lineage B.1.617.2. These results show that Lebanon followed the global trend in terms of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants with Delta rapidly replaced by the Omicron variant. This study underscores the importance of continuous genomic surveillance programs in Lebanon for the timely detection and characterization of circulating variants. The latter is critical to guide public health policy making and to timely implement public health interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic Surveillance of SARS CoV2 in COVID-19 vaccinated healthcare workers in Lebanon

Kalamouni

Hassan

Hamdan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant and strategies for tackling the infection

Long

Wang

et al. 2022

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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Introduction: Nowadays, emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron, the novel highly mutated VOC, has quickly spread as the dominant variant in over 190 countries worldwide through the first part of 2022, which is influencing the infectivity, transmissibility, pathogenicity, and severity of COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, clinical cases and experimental studies have reported that Omicron variant likely leads to weakened immune protection elicited by infection, antibody therapies, and vaccines. The new wave, from late February, 2022, was escalated abruptly by higher levels of transmission of Omicron BA.2 sublineage in China.Methods and Results: Following a systematic database search, this review summarizes the salient features of Omicron sublineages, and their impact on transmissibility, disease severity as well as the efficacy of the available vaccines and treatment against the Omicron. Conclusion:We hope this study will provide a scientific reference for alleviating the burden of COVID-19.

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The SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron Variant and its Multiple Sub‐lineages: Transmissibility, Vaccine Development, Antiviral Drugs, Monoclonal Antibodies, and Strategies for Infection Control – a Review

Mohapatra¹,

Verma

Ramana

et al. 2023

ChemistrySelect

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The Omicron (B.1.1.529), fifth variant of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV-2, initially identified following a steep increase in COVID-19 cases in Southern Africa in November 2021. It is a highlymutated variant and is more contagious as compared with the Delta variant, however less deadly. Due to its high transmission rate, it spreads dramatically, and causing huge surges worldwide. It causes "mild infection", with hospitalisations less likely to occur. However, this variant is known to show resistance to neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) generated through vaccination and/or prior infection as well as to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) used to treat COVID-19 patients. In many countries, booster doses of vaccines have been recommended to increase the protective levels of antibodies in vaccinated individuals. Along with the implementation of appropriate prevention and control strategy measures, current efforts are also focussed on the development of better vaccines and mAbs to counter this variant. This review highlights the global health concerns and challenges posed by the Omicron variant and present an update on its sub-lineages.

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Breakthrough infections after COVID-19 vaccination: Insights, perspectives and challenges

Cited by 57 publications

References 88 publications

Genomic Surveillance of SARS CoV2 in COVID-19 vaccinated healthcare workers in Lebanon

Genomic Surveillance of SARS CoV2 in COVID-19 vaccinated healthcare workers in Lebanon

Emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant and strategies for tackling the infection

The SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron Variant and its Multiple Sub‐lineages: Transmissibility, Vaccine Development, Antiviral Drugs, Monoclonal Antibodies, and Strategies for Infection Control – a Review

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