Breakthrough cases of COVID-19 in vaccinated United States Veterans with spinal cord injuries and disorders

Sankary, Kendl M.; Sippel, Jennifer L.; Eberhart, Adam C.; Burns, Stephen P.

doi:10.1038/s41393-021-00690-w

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Despite the high level of vaccine efficiency (> 85%) for preventing severe forms of diseases, but various reports published about breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in fully vaccinated individuals. [7][8][9] Based on these reports and current results, it was found that vaccines have conferred widespread protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. As we see in the currents results, hospitalization was significantly more in breakthrough cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Death Reporting in Breakthrough and Unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 Infection Cases

Emami

Javanmardi

Bakhtiari

et al. 2023

Disaster med. public health prep.

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Vaccines are undeniably an important tool for controlling infectious disease outbreaks, and they are the most certain way to end the epidemic risk. This brief report describes the characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths among breakthrough and unvaccinated cases hospitalized in Fars province in the south of Iran. This cross-sectional study was performed to compare breakthrough and unvaccinated death cases in Fars, Iran (February 2, to August 19, 2021). Among 444,728 fully vaccinated people, 60,800 breakthrough cases were detected. Thus, 501 died, of which 297 (297/501) cases were hospitalized and compared with the unvaccinated dead group. The median age for breakthrough and unvaccinated cases was estimated 79 and 65 y, respectively. All signs and symptoms of COVID-19 were more frequent in the unvaccinated group. Decreasing O2 saturation (less than 93%) happened more often in the unvaccinated group significantly. Unvaccinated dead patients had significantly shorter hospital stays. These patients received 66.63% Sinopharm, 0.67% Sputnik, 0.67% COVIran Barekat, and 31.99% AstraZeneca vaccines. None of them were health-care staff. Equitable access to safe and effective vaccines is critical to ending the COVID-19 pandemic. As vaccine uptake increases, we observed a decrease in mortality and protection from severe forms of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Death Reporting in Breakthrough and Unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 Infection Cases

Emami

Javanmardi

Bakhtiari

et al. 2023

Disaster med. public health prep.

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“… 136–138 Further, people with SCI who were vaccinated against COVID-19 had similar rates of breakthrough infection compared with residents of skilled nursing facilities who were regularly tested for COVID-19. 154 …”

Section: Does Sci Reduce Blood Lymphocyte Function?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Species Differences in Blood Lymphocyte Responses After Spinal Cord Injury

Ayala

Fishman

Noyelle

et al. 2023

Journal of Neurotrauma

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People with spinal cord injury (SCI) get recurrent infections, such as urinary tract infections (UTIs) and pneumonias, that cause mortality and worsen neurological recovery. Over the past decades, researchers have proposed that post-SCI lymphopenia and decreased lymphocyte function increase susceptibility to infections and worsen neurological outcome in humans, leading to a condition called SCI-induced immune depression syndrome (SCI-IDS). In this review, we explore how SCI affects blood lymphocyte homeostasis and function in humans and rodents. Understanding how SCI affects blood lymphocytes will help the management of recurrent infections in spinal cord injured people and shed light on the clinical translation of findings in animal models to humans.

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“…We analyzed a large sample that represents the general population of the U.S. west coast. Previous published studies in the U.S. (9,(23)(24)(25)(26)(27) are limited to a cohort with specific characteristics, such as health-care workers (6,15,23,27), patients with specific comorbidities (28)(29)(30), veterans (9,24,29,31), patients of academic hospitals (32,33). PSJH is a community-served hospital that covers five states of the west coast in both rural and urban areas.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time to reinfection and vaccine breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections: a retrospective cohort study

Molani

Baumgartner

Hwang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: It is important to understand how BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and JNJ-78436735 COVID-19 vaccines, as well as prior infection, protect against breakthrough cases and reinfections. Real world evidence on acquired immunity from vaccines, and from SARS-CoV-2 infection, can help public health decision-makers understand disease dynamics and viral escape to inform resource allocation for curbing the spread of pandemic. Methods: This retrospective cohort study presents demographic information, survival functions, and probability distributions for 2,627,914 patients who received recommended doses of COVID-19 vaccines, and 63,691 patients who had a prior COVID-19 infection. In addition, patients receiving different vaccines were matched by age, sex, ethnic group, state of residency, and the quarter of the year in 2021 the COVID-19 vaccine was completed, to support survival analysis on pairwise matched cohorts. Findings: Each of the three vaccines and infection-induced immunity all showed a high probability of survival against breakthrough or reinfection cases (mRNA-1273: 0.997, BNT162b2: 0.997, JNJ-78436735: 0.992, previous infection: 0.965 at 180 days). The incidence rate of reinfection among those unvaccinated and previously infected was higher than that of breakthrough among the vaccinated population (reinfection: 0.9%; breakthrough:0.4%). In addition, 280 vaccinated patients died (0.01% all-cause mortality) within 21 days of the last vaccine dose, and 5898 (3.1 %) died within 21 days of a positive COVID-19 test. Conclusions: Despite a gradual decline in vaccine-induced and infection-induced immunity, both acquired immunities were highly effective in preventing breakthrough and reinfection. In addition, for unvaccinated patients with COVID-19, those who did not die within 90 days of their initial infection (9565 deaths, 5.0% all-cause mortality rate), had a comparable asymptotic pattern of breakthrough infection as those who acquired immunity from a vaccine. Overall, the risks associated with COVID-19 infection are far greater than the marginal advantages of immunity acquired by prior infection.

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Breakthrough cases of COVID-19 in vaccinated United States Veterans with spinal cord injuries and disorders

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Death Reporting in Breakthrough and Unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 Infection Cases

Death Reporting in Breakthrough and Unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 Infection Cases

Species Differences in Blood Lymphocyte Responses After Spinal Cord Injury

Time to reinfection and vaccine breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections: a retrospective cohort study

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