Breaks in Pavement and Pipes as Indicators of Range-Front Faulting Resulting from the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake near the Southwest Margin of the Santa Clara Valley, California

Schmidt, Kevin M.; Ellen, Stephen D.; Haugerud, Ralph A.; Peterson, David M.; Phelps, G. A.

doi:10.3133/ofr95820

Cited by 6 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…ce.washington.edu 2009). c) With breaks without specified sense of deformation (SCHMIDT et al 1995), which will be named radial in this work, because are result of convergence of two or more directional cracks, representing a shock structure.…”

Section: Methodological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deformación co-sísmica de una terraza estuarial, Constitución, Chile Central

Vergara¹

2015

Investigaciones Geográficas

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In the terrace T e, of Constitución, many fractures and associated deformations of its platform appeared in the street pavements after the earthquake of 02.27.2010. On this basis, this work deals with the coseismic deformation in this terrace, observed by means of survey of fractures and associated superficial deformations. The principal undulated and irregular surface of the terrace shows no difference between the profiles surveyed before and after the 2010 seism, with exception of those that represent a minor part in the northward sector. In exchange, the flagstones or slabs of pavement show brittle micro-deformations or pop up like array structures associated to micro fractures produced during the seism. There is great dissimilarity of size order between principal irregularities of the terrace surface (undulations) and micro-deformations. The principal irregularities of the terrace T e indicate that its undulated form is inherited and older than the seism of 02.27.2010. Only a minor part represents a 2010 co-seismic deformation with gentle warping of the inherited undulation during the seism. In exchange, the flagstone dislocations or brittle deformations shown as pop-ups like array are coseismic microforms. They appear only as small tectonic deformations in the epidermis of the inherited undulated surface. Their apparent random distribution is possibly the result of a complex interaction between the seismic waves and the inherited topography, producing strain structures.Keywords: Estuarine terrace, co-seismic deformation, pavement flagstone, pop-up, strain co-seismic structures.Deformación co-sísmica de una terraza estuarial, Constitución, Chile Central RESUMENEn la terraza T e de Constitución aparecieron muchas fracturas y deformaciones de su plataforma asociadas en los pavimentos después del terremoto de 27.02.2010. Sobre esta base, este trabajo trata de las deformaciones co-sísmicas en esta terraza, observadas mediante levantamiento de fracturas y deformaciones superficiales asociadas. La superficie principal de la terraza, ondulada e irregular, no muestra diferencia entre los perfiles levantados antes y después del sismo de 2010, con excepción de los que representan una menor parte en el sector noroeste. En cambio, las losas de pavimento muestran micro-deformaciones por quebradura o estructuras tipo pop-up asociadas a micro fracturas producidas durante el sismo. Hay gran desigualdad de orden de tamaño entre irregularidades u ondulaciones principales de la superficie de terraza y micro deformaciones. Las irregularidades principales de T e indican que su forma ondulada es heredada y más antigua que el sismo de 27.02.2010. Solamente una menor parte representa deformación co-sísmica de la ondulación heredada. Por lo tanto, la superficie principal de la terraza fue sólo levemente alabeada durante el sismo. En cambio, las dislocaciones de losas por quebradura, tipo pop-ups, son micro formas co-sísmicas. Ellas aparecen sólo como pequeñas deformaciones tectónicas en la epidermis de la superficie ondulada...

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Section: Methodological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crack directions were drawn on amplified image Google Earth (detailed scale ca. 1: 2500), using the classification proposed by HU & XU (2001) and SCHMIDT et al (1995). Starting from the cracks, the segments of pavement were identified as flagstones or slabs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformación co-sísmica de una terraza estuarial, Constitución, Chile Central

Vergara¹

2015

Investigaciones Geográficas

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“…The earthquake caused damage to many types of public works, including roads and sidewalks, throughout Santa Clara Valley ( Fig. 2; Schmidt et al, 1995Schmidt et al, , 2014. In total, 1427 observations (previously erroneously reported as 1284 observations in Schmidt et al [1995] and Langenheim et al [1997]) combined from extensive fi eld work and the records of governmental and public service agencies were recorded over a 663 km 2 area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2; Schmidt et al, 1995Schmidt et al, , 2014. In total, 1427 observations (previously erroneously reported as 1284 observations in Schmidt et al [1995] and Langenheim et al [1997]) combined from extensive fi eld work and the records of governmental and public service agencies were recorded over a 663 km 2 area. Schmidt et al (1995Schmidt et al ( , 2014 reported damage indicators that included pavement breaks in asphalt (roads) and concrete (sidewalks), and subsurface gas and water line ruptures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In total, 1427 observations (previously erroneously reported as 1284 observations in Schmidt et al [1995] and Langenheim et al [1997]) combined from extensive fi eld work and the records of governmental and public service agencies were recorded over a 663 km 2 area. Schmidt et al (1995Schmidt et al ( , 2014 reported damage indicators that included pavement breaks in asphalt (roads) and concrete (sidewalks), and subsurface gas and water line ruptures. Damage to aboveground structures was not included because it depends upon building construction, materials, and design, and damage cannot be unequivocally attributed to the Loma Prieta earthquake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake damage to mapped lineaments along the range front of the Santa Cruz Mountains, California

2015

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Damage to public infrastructure at or below the ground surface (streets, curbs, and water and gas lines) in southwestern Santa Clara Valley, California, associated with the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, is used to support the assertion that the series of photointerpreted lineaments are tectonic in origin and related to long-term reverse faulting along the range front of the Santa Cruz Mountains. We quantitatively analyze whether the photointerpreted lineaments are spatially correlated with earthquakeinduced damage by examining whether the damage was located preferentially closer to the mapped lineaments than to a spatially random set of points. The analysis confi rms that damage related to the Loma Prieta earthquake is located preferentially close to mapped lineaments. This result supports the assertion that the lineaments have a tectonic origin related to range-front faulting along the Santa Cruz Mountains, and that their presence may be related to primary fault rupture, spatially focused shaking damage, or slip triggered by strong motion induced by nearby faults.

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A summary of the late Cenozoic stratigraphic and tectonic history of the Santa Clara Valley, California

et al. 2015

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The late Cenozoic stratigraphic and tectonic history of the Santa Clara Valley illustrates the dynamic nature of the North American-Pacifi c plate boundary and its effect on basin and landscape development. Prior to early Miocene time, the area that became Santa Clara Valley consisted of eroding Franciscan complex basement structurally interleaved in places with Coast Range ophiolite and Mesozoic Great Valley sequence, and locally overlapped by Paleogene strata. During early to middle Miocene time, this landscape was fl ooded by the sea and was deformed locally into deeper depressions such as the Cupertino Basin in the southwestern part of the valley. Marine deposition during the middle and late Miocene laid down thin deposits in shallow water and thick deeper-water deposits in the Cupertino Basin. During this sedimentation, the San Andreas fault system encroached into the valley, with most offset partitioned onto the San Andreas fault southwest of the valley and the southern Calaveras-Silver Creek-Hayward fault system in the northeastern part of the valley. A 6-km-wide right step between the Hayward and Silver Creek faults formed the 40-km-long Evergreen pullapart basin along the northeastern margin of the valley, leaving a basement ridge between it and the Cupertino Basin. The Silver Creek fault was largely abandoned ca. 2.5 Ma in favor of a compressional left step between the Calaveras and Hayward fault, although some slip continued to at least mid-Quaternary time. Gravity, seismic, stratigraphic, and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data indicate no other major San Andreas system faults within the central block between the present-day range-front faults bounding the valley and the SilverCreek fault. Sometime between 9 and 4 Ma (9 and 1 Ma for the central block), the area rose above sea level, and a regional surface of erosion was carved into the Mesozoic and Tertiary rocks. Alluvial gravels were deposited on this surface along the margins of the valley beginning ca. 4 Ma, but they may not have prograded onto the central block until ca. 1 Ma, because no older equivalents of the Pliocene-Quaternary Santa Clara gravels have been found there. Thus, either the central block was high enough relative to the surrounding areas that Santa Clara gravels were never deposited on it, or any Santa Clara gravels deposited there were stripped away before ca. 1 Ma. Analysis of alluvium on the central block implies a remarkably uniform, piston-like, subsidence of the valley of ~0.4 mm/yr since ca. 0.8 Ma, possibly extending north to northern San Francisco Bay. Today, the central block continues to subside, the range-front reverse faults are active, and the major active faults of the San Andreas system are mostly outside the valley.

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Breaks in Pavement and Pipes as Indicators of Range-Front Faulting Resulting from the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake near the Southwest Margin of the Santa Clara Valley, California

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Deformación co-sísmica de una terraza estuarial, Constitución, Chile Central

Deformación co-sísmica de una terraza estuarial, Constitución, Chile Central

Comparison of 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake damage to mapped lineaments along the range front of the Santa Cruz Mountains, California

A summary of the late Cenozoic stratigraphic and tectonic history of the Santa Clara Valley, California

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