Breaking up the temporal link between granitic magmatism and iron oxide-copper–gold (IOCG) deposits in the Carajás Mineral Province, NW Brazil

Toledo, Poliana Iara de Freitas; Moreto, Carolina Penteado Natividade; Monteiro, Lena Virgínia Soares; de Melo, Gustavo Henrique Coelho; Matos, Fernando Martins Vieira; Xavier, Roberto Perez; Carvalho, Juliana Araújo; Filho, Carlos Augusto Medeiros; Navarro, Margareth Sugano; de Carvalho Lana, Cristiano

doi:10.1007/s00126-023-01224-5

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Additionally, this mineralization event of ca. 2550 Ma has been related to coeval granites (e.g., Old Salobo, Itacaiúnas, Igarapé Geladinho) whose ages have been considered as minimum ones, once the allegedly robust results were obtained from defective zircons (Toledo et al 2021;. These authors conclude that the crystallization ages are much older than 2550 Ma and that the mentioned granites are actually part of the ca.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Important strata-bound Cu-Au mineralization has been interpreted as genetically linked with these granites (Requia et al 2003;Tallarico et al 2005). However, Barros et al (2001) and Toledo et al (2021), based on the defective zircons used in the determinations, interpret the above age as a minimum one and consider this group of granites as part of the abovedescribed 2.73-2.76 Ga regional granitic manifestation. Therefore, these authors turn down the mentioned epigenetic ca.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Winter's interpretation evidently is in entire disagreement with the syngenetic view intrinsically attached to section 4.1. Regarding this, it can be argued that: (1) The age proposed for mineralization by Winter (1994) is much younger than the age of 2.76 Ga proposed for the metamorphism of Pojuca by Machado et al (1991) and even a 2.53 Ga granitogenesis in north Carajás has been considered doubtful since defective zircons were used on age determinations (Barros et al 2001;Toledo et al 2021). (2) Nevertheless, Winter's work configures the first application of an epigenetic model to the Itacaiúnas-hosted Cu-Au deposits of Carajás, then unanimously considered volcanogenic, and, in fact, there is no further constraining evidence so far, to contradict an epigenetic interpretation for Pojuca, though geological attributes (section 4.1) configure strong support to syngenesis.…”

Section: Constraining Evidencementioning

confidence: 98%

“…( 4) The verification of an apparent geochronological support via robust methods applied on zircon (U-Pb) and molybdenite (Re-Os) to a genetic relationship between the mineralization of Salobo and the late Neoarchean (2.57 Ga) Old Salobo granite, indicating an epigenetic origin for the deposit. (5) However, as a counter point to this, the late Neoarchean ages (2.6-2.5 Ga) of granites of north Carajás in general being questioned by Toledo et al (2021) on grounds of the inadequacy of the zircon crystals for precise geochronology, with this metallogenic age bracket being actually discarded (cf. section 11.2.3).…”

Section: Geochronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…section 11.2.3). ( 6) According to Toledo et al (2021), the granitic connection for Salobo still holding but related to the ca. 2.73-2.76 Ga-old, Igarapé Gelado batolith (Fig.…”

Section: Geochronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volcanogenic features of IOCG deposits of North Carajás, Brazil, and related constraining evidence

Martini,

Dreher

2024

JGSB

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Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Constraining Evidencementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Geochronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…section 11.2.3). ( 6) According to Toledo et al (2021), the granitic connection for Salobo still holding but related to the ca. 2.73-2.76 Ga-old, Igarapé Gelado batolith (Fig.…”

Section: Geochronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volcanogenic features of IOCG deposits of North Carajás, Brazil, and related constraining evidence

Martini,

Dreher

2024

JGSB

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Platinum Group Minerals Associated with Nickel-Bearing Sulfides from the Jatobá Iron Oxide-Copper-Gold Deposit, Carajás Domain, Brazil

Campo Rodriguez,

Cook,

Ciobanu

et al. 2024

Minerals

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An enrichment in nickel (Ni) or platinum group elements (PGE) is seldom observed in ores of the iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) type. This phenomenon is, however, known from a few deposits and prospects in the Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil. The Ni-PGE enrichment is explained, in part, by the spatial association of the IOCG-type ores with altered mafic-ultramafic lithologies, as well as by reworking and remobilization of pre-existing Ni and PGE during multiple mineralization and tectonothermal events across the Archean-Proterozoic. One such example of this mineralization is the Jatobá deposit in the southern copper belt of the Carajás Domain. This is the first detailed study of the Ni and PGE mineralization at Jatobá, with implications for understanding ore genesis. Petrographic and compositional study of sulfides shows that pyrite is the main Ni carrier, followed by pyrrhotite and exsolved pentlandite. Measurable concentrations of palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt), albeit never more than a few ppm, are noted in pyrite. More importantly, however, the trace mineral signature of the Jatobá deposit features several platinum group minerals (PGM), including merenskyite, naldrettite, sudburyite, kotulskite, sperrylite, and borovskite. These PGM occur as sub-10 µm-sized grains that are largely restricted to fractures and grain boundaries in pyrite. All Pd minerals reported contain mobile elements such as Te, Bi, and Sb and are associated with rare earth- and U-minerals. This conspicuous mineralogy, differences in sulfide chemistry between the magnetite-hosted ore and stringer mineralization without magnetite, and microstructural control point to a genetic model for the sulfide mineralization at Jatobá and its relative enrichment in Ni and PGE. Observations support two alternative scenarios for ore genesis. In the first, an initial precipitation of disseminated or semi-massive Ni-PGE-bearing sulfides took place within the mafic rock pile, possibly in a VHMS-like setting. Later partial dissolution and remobilization of this pre-existing mineralization by mineralizing fluids of IOCG-type, possibly during the retrograde stage of a syn-deformational metamorphic event, led to their re-concentration within magnetite along structural conduits. The superposition of IOCG-style mineralization onto a pre-existing assemblage resulted in the observed replacement and overprinting in which PGE combined with components of the IOCG fluids like Sb, Bi, and Te. An alternative model involves leaching, by the IOCG-type fluids, of Ni and PGE from komatiites within the sequence or from ultramafic rocks in the basement. The discovery of PGM in Jatobá emphasizes the potential for additional discoveries of Ni-PGE-enriched ores elsewhere in the Carajás Domain and in analogous settings elsewhere.

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Breaking up the temporal link between granitic magmatism and iron oxide-copper–gold (IOCG) deposits in the Carajás Mineral Province, NW Brazil

Cited by 2 publications

References 93 publications

Volcanogenic features of IOCG deposits of North Carajás, Brazil, and related constraining evidence

Volcanogenic features of IOCG deposits of North Carajás, Brazil, and related constraining evidence

Platinum Group Minerals Associated with Nickel-Bearing Sulfides from the Jatobá Iron Oxide-Copper-Gold Deposit, Carajás Domain, Brazil

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