Breaking Uniculm Growth Habit of Spring Cereals at High Latitudes by Crop Management. I. Leaf Area Index and Biomass Accumulation

Peltonen‐Sainio, Pirjo; Peltonen, Jari

doi:10.1111/j.1439-037x.1997.tb00354.x

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…CCC application is known to result in increased tillering that follows retarded growth of the main shoot (Hutley-Bull and Schwabe, 1982;Ramos et al, 1989). Therefore, CCC application favoured late tillering and maintenance of high post-anthesis green leaf area in oat and wheat at high latitudes when compared with control treatments in exps of Peltonen-Sainio and Peltonen (1996). The absence of increased tiller LAI and delayed canopy senescence due to CCC and ethephon in this study was possibly due to the drought that occurred from early tillering in 1995 (precipitation in June July 55mm in, 1995; long- term average, 101mm).…”

Section: Crop Management Effects On Canopy Closurementioning

confidence: 60%

Crop Management Effects on Pre‐and Post‐Anthesis Changes in Leaf Area Index and Leaf Area Duration and their Contribution to Grain Yield and Yield Components in Spring Cereals

Peltonen‐Sainio

Forsman

Poutala

1997

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Seasonal changes in leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD, i.e. LAI integrated over cumulated degree days) have a marked effect on crop productivity. Three case experiments were conducted at Suitia (60°irN) and Viikki (60'13'N) Experimental Farms, University of Helsinki, Finland, to evaluate the possibilities of accelerating pre-anthesis expansion of leaf area and modifying pre-and post-anthesis LAD in spring cereals through crop management. Effects of time of incorporation of a green manure crop residue into the soil [conventional tillage (autumn ploughing and seed bed preparation in the spring), conservation tillage (sole spring tillage) with and without a green manure crop, common vetch {Vicia sativa l.)]and N fertilizer rate (0, 50, 100 kg N ha ') on LAI and pre-and post-anthesis LAD in wheat {Triticum aestivum L.) were studied in exp I; green manuring (common vetch) and N fertilizer rate (0,40, 70, 110, 150 kg N ha^') in barley {Hordeum vulgare L.), oat {Avena sativa L.), and wheat in exp II; and fohar application of chlormequat chloride (CCC) and ethephon in oat lines (dwarf, naked, modern, landrace) differing in canopy structure in exp III. Time of incorporation of the green manure crop residues into the soil (exp I), green manuring (exp II), N fertilizer rate (exps I and II), and selection for crop growth type (exp III), but not CCC and ethephon, modified LAI and LAD in spring cereals by affecting the rate of pre-anthesis expansion and postanthesis reduction in leaf area rather than by markedly prolonging the growth period. High rates of N fertilizer accelerated expansion of leaf area, especially prior to stem elongation, and resulted in high pre-anthesis LAD due to enhanced tiller growth (exps I and II) and more tillers per main shoot (exp I). Green manuring increased leaf expansion from the tillering stage most when combined with high N rate, and especially in barley (exp II), but no such effects were found in exp I. Use of a high N fertilizer rate (exps I and 11) and green manuring (exp II) also resulted in high post-anthesis LAD. Such modifications enabled higher rates of grain-and head-filling. and in exp 1 contributed to increased head weight and grain yield. Selection for inherent differences in growth type provided an additional possibility for manipulation of canopy structure and yield fonnation.

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Section: Crop Management Effects On Canopy Closurementioning

confidence: 60%

Crop Management Effects on Pre‐and Post‐Anthesis Changes in Leaf Area Index and Leaf Area Duration and their Contribution to Grain Yield and Yield Components in Spring Cereals

Peltonen‐Sainio

Forsman

Poutala

1997

J Agronomy Crop Science

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“…At the time of sowing spring cereals, the evaporation and daytime teniiperatures are usually above +20 "C, and plants may be subjected to preanthesis water deficits (Mukula and Rantanen, 1989). The long days enable cereals to grow rapidly, especially at pre-anthesis (Peltonen-Sainio, 1994). This limits productivity of small grains in Finland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Auxins and gibberellins (GA) synthesized in the meristem tissue of the main shoot apex are translocated to tiller buds, where they inhibit tiller elongation (Petr et ai., 1988). Therefore, cereals breeding in Finland (Peltonen-Sainio, 1991;Peltonen-Sainio and Peltonen, 1994) and seeding rates (Peltonen-Sainio and Jarvinen, 1994) are based on promoting the uniculm growth habit, Seeding rates as high as 500-700 seeds m~â re used for .spring cereals in Finland. This is about twice that used in western and centra!…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking Uniculm Growth Habit of Spring Cereals at High Latitudes by Crop Management. II. Tillering, Grain yield and Yield Components

Peltonen¹,

Peltonen‐Sainio²

1997

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Long days at high latitudes inhibit tillering of cereals and hence seeding rates of 500–700 seeds m−2 are commonly used for spring wheat, barley and oats in Finland. Costs could be reduced by using a lower seeding rate in combination with crop management to produce more head‐bearing tillers m−2. This study was designed to assess possibilities of breaking the uniculm growth habit of spring cereals by (1) lowering the seeding rate from 600 to 300 seeds m−2 and (2) manipulating tiller growth with early mechanical treatments to the crop (rolling, cutting) or chemical applications (foliar urea, CCC and GA). A low seeding rate and early application of foliar CCC at high latitudes, under good moisture conditions prior to heading, promoted 20% more head‐bearing tillers and 6% higher grain yield than standard management practices. However, cultivars differed in their response to CCC. The advantageous effects of CCC at a low seeding rate were attributed to increase, over the controls, in contribution of head‐bearing tillers to grain yield in wheat (cultivar Heta), but more grains per head in oats (cultivar Veli). Varietal recommendations for use of low seeding rate in combination with early CCC spraying should be examined further.

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“…3). The increase of photosynthesising leaf area by tillers in conventional cultivars could have played a marked role in supplying the carbohydrates for early-stage grain filling, and thus resulting in higher yield, as suggested earlier by Peltonen-Sainio & Peltonen (1997 a , b ). González et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…2). The spring drought typical of northern regions inhibits early tillering, but the following mid-season rainfall promotes late tillering after anthesis (Peltonen-Sainio & Peltonen 1997 a ). When the drought is prolonged, tiller maturing is from several days up to weeks later than that of the main stem, leading to difficulties in grain harvesting, drying, storage and utilization (Kivisaari & Elonen 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uniculm and conventional tillering barley accessions under northern growing conditions

Mäkelä

Muurinen

2011

J. Agric. Sci.

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At high northern latitudes, growing seasons are short with long days. In these conditions, tillering is an unwanted trait in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), because the grains on tillers develop later than those on the main stem and are often harvested before they are fully mature, leading to reductions in overall quality. Hence, the uniculm growth habit has been considered an interesting option for boreal barley production. The aim of the present study was to determine the differences in the yield formation of conventional tillering and uniculm barley, using two pairs of near-isogenic lines and two controls. Uniculm and conventional tillering barley were grown in three experiments conducted at Suitia Experimental Farm, University Helsinki, Finland during 1999-2001. Samples were collected frequently to monitor the biomass and leaf area accumulation. Water-soluble carbohydrate content was analysed at anthesis and at maturity in different plant parts. At maturity, the numbers of spikes/plant and grains/spike were calculated and grain yield weighed. The grain yield of the uniculm barleys was stable over these growing seasons, but it was only half that of the conventional barley cultivars due to the absence of spike-bearing tillers, lower spike grain number and spike weight. In addition, the ability to transport photosynthesized carbohydrates to grains may have been reduced. Thus, it seems that uniculm barleys do not provide further improvement in barley yield.

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Breaking Uniculm Growth Habit of Spring Cereals at High Latitudes by Crop Management. I. Leaf Area Index and Biomass Accumulation

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Crop Management Effects on Pre‐and Post‐Anthesis Changes in Leaf Area Index and Leaf Area Duration and their Contribution to Grain Yield and Yield Components in Spring Cereals

Crop Management Effects on Pre‐and Post‐Anthesis Changes in Leaf Area Index and Leaf Area Duration and their Contribution to Grain Yield and Yield Components in Spring Cereals

Breaking Uniculm Growth Habit of Spring Cereals at High Latitudes by Crop Management. II. Tillering, Grain yield and Yield Components

Uniculm and conventional tillering barley accessions under northern growing conditions

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