Breaking the silence. Battered women's perspectives on medical care

Integrating Intimate Partner Violence Assessment and Intervention into Healthcare in the United States: A Systems Approach

“…When risk or exposure to past or current IPV is assessed through such inquiry, the impact of the encounter can be primary prevention for patients with no history of exposure, secondary prevention for patients with past exposure, or tertiary prevention (i.e., early intervention) for patients with current or acute exposure. 11,[50][51][52] The health professional and patient interface IPV may be identified in the clinical setting because either the patient or a third party, such as police or emergency medical services (EMS) personnel, discloses IPV or because the health professional inquires about past or current exposure ( Fig. 1).…”

“…[5][6][7][8][9][10] Research indicates that screening and counseling for IPV can identify survivors and, in some cases, increase safety, reduce abuse, and improve clinical and social outcomes. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Possible harms or unintended consequences of clinical assessment have been raised and considered in research trials, but thus far no evidence of such harm has emerged. [19][20][21] Barriers for implementation of IPV screening and counseling are myriad, including clinician concerns about time; limited incentives for screening 22 ; either nonexistent or poorly implemented policies to guide clinicians and practices in conducting screening; lack of knowledge and confidence about how to support a patient who discloses IPV, [23][24][25][26][27] which may reflect lack of reliable intervention services 28 ; and inadequate crosssector collaborations with victim service advocates.…”

Intimate Partner Violence and HIV Risks: A Longitudinal Study of Men on Methadone

“…Research on the relationship between experiencing IPV and HIV/STI transmission risks among heterosexual women has elucidated several pathways linking IPV and HIV/STI transmission risks that may also exist among male perpetrators, including (1) engaging in unprotected sex, 14,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] (2) higher rates of STIs, 29,[35][36][37][38][39] (3) sex with multiple sexual partners, 28,29,40 (4) disclosure of an STI or positive HIV status, 41,42 (5) trading sex for drugs or money, 36,43 (6) having a risky sexual partner (e.g., one who injects drugs is HIV-positive and/or has had sex with multiple partners), 28,29,33,36,38,[43][44][45] (7) forced sex, 43,46,47 and (8) injecting drug use. 20 This study builds on previous research linking perpetration of IPV and HIV/STI transmission risks by examining the...…”

Exploring Battered Mexican-Origin Women's Help-Seeking Within Their Sociocultural Contexts

“…Latinas in general (Bonilla-Santiago, 1996;Gondolf, Fisher, & McFerron, 1988), and Mexican-origin women in particular (Jacques, 1981;Torres, 1991), tend to stay in abusive marriages longer, to return to the abusive marriage more frequently, and to be name fewer incidents as abusive than their non-Latina White counterparts. 3 Evidence also suggests that Latinas are least likely, when compared with other racial/ethnic groups of battered women, to seek help in the form of medical (Krishnan, Hilbert, & Van Leeuwen, 2001;Rodriguez, Craig, Mooney, & Bauer, 1998;Woodward, Dwinell, & Arons, 1992), legal (Krishnan, et al, 2001;Rodriguez, et al, 1996), and/or social services Torres, 1991). In addition, battered Latinas have been found to underutilize informal resources (i.e., talking to a friend, asking a family member to intervene) when compared to other racial/ethnic groups of battered women (West, Kaufman Kantor, & Jasinski, 1998).…”

“…Studies have shown that various socio-structural factors may be obstacles that impede battered Latinas from seeking social service , medical (Krishnan, et al, 2001;Rodriguez et al, 1998), and/or legal help (Krishnan, et al, 2001;Rodriguez, et al, 1996). Battered Latinas' perceptions of their options and their subsequent ability to escape abuse may be affected by socio-economic disadvantage, language issues, discrimination, and immigrant status .…”