Breaking the Ice in Human-Agent Communication: Eye-Gaze Based Initiation of Contact with an Embodied Conversational Agent

Bee, Nikolaus; André, Elisabeth; Tober, Susanne

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-04380-2_26

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…[Krämer et al 2013] found that increases in character smiling increased smiling in viewers (but did not change the viewer's opinion of the avatar). [Bee et al 2009] studied whether flirting could improve first impressions between a user and a virtual character.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating perceived trust from procedurally animated gaze

Normoyle

Badler

Fan

et al. 2013

Proceedings of Motion on Games

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Adventure role playing games (RPGs) provide players with increasingly expansive worlds, compelling storylines, and meaningful fictional character interactions. Despite the fast-growing richness of these worlds, the majority of interactions between the player and non-player characters (NPCs) still remain scripted. In this paper we propose using an NPC's animations to reflect how they feel towards the player and as a proof of concept, investigate the potential for a straightforward gaze model to convey trust. Through two perceptual experiments, we find that viewers can distinguish between high and low trust animations, that viewers associate the gaze differences specifically with trust and not with an unrelated attitude (aggression), and that the effect can hold for different facial expressions and scene contexts, even when viewed by participants for a short (five second) clip length. With an additional experiment, we explore the extent that trust is uniquely conveyed over other attitudes associated with gaze, such as interest, unfriendliness, and admiration. AbstractAdventure role playing games (RPGs) provide players with increasingly expansive worlds, compelling storylines, and meaningful fictional character interactions. Despite the fast-growing richness of these worlds, the majority of interactions between the player and non-player characters (NPCs) still remain scripted. In this paper we propose using an NPC's animations to reflect how they feel towards the player and as a proof of concept, investigate the potential for a straightforward gaze model to convey trust. Through two perceptual experiments, we find that viewers can distinguish between high and low trust animations, that viewers associate the gaze differences specifically with trust and not with an unrelated attitude (aggression), and that the effect can hold for different facial expressions and scene contexts, even when viewed by participants for a short (five second) clip length. With an additional experiment, we explore the extent that trust is uniquely conveyed over other attitudes associated with gaze, such as interest, unfriendliness, and admiration.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating perceived trust from procedurally animated gaze

Normoyle

Badler

Fan

et al. 2013

Proceedings of Motion on Games

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“…A group of robots can display a variety of social behaviors that are impossible to convey in isolation, such as social intelligence, behavior coordination among individuals, and shared goal pursuit. These features may all affect observers' own social perceptions of the robots-for instance, causing them to like robots more (e.g., if they appear socially competent) [7,8].…”

Section: Proposed Explanationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many important social psychological factors that determine the quality and quantity of social interactions have been successfully applied to HRI research (e,g., gaze [7,8]). Less frequently applied, however, are social psychological theories that predict changes in these social factors when exposed to or interacting with groups versus individuals [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabble of Robots Effects

Fraune

Sherrin

Šabanović

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction

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Robots are expected to become present in society in increasing numbers, yet few studies in human-robot interaction (HRI) go beyond one-to-one interaction to examine how emotions, attitudes, and stereotypes expressed toward groups of robots differ from those expressed toward individuals. Research from social psychology indicates that people interact differently with individuals than with groups. We therefore hypothesize that group effects might similarly occur when people face multiple robots. Further, group effects might vary for robots of different types. In this exploratory study, we used videos to expose participants in a between-subjects experiment to robots varying in Number (Single or Group) and Type (anthropomorphic, zoomorphic, or mechanomorphic). We then measured participants' general attitudes, emotions, and stereotypes toward robots with a combination of measures from HRI (e.g., Godspeed Questionnaire, NARS) and social psychology (e.g., Big Five, Social Threat, Emotions). Results suggest that Number and Type of observed robots had an interaction effect on responses toward robots in general, leading to more positive responses for groups for some robot types, but more negative responses for others.

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“…From the virtual characters usually exposed in kiosks at museums and airports, to the latest technologies used in installations * e-mail:diana.arellano@filmakademie.de † e-mail:volker.helzle@filmakademie.de where the user embodies an avatar and sees the world through its eyes, human-computer interaction, or HCI has undergone a large number of improvements. The numerous researches in this area have intended to achieve more natural and better interaction, obtaining successful results as in the case of Eva, a virtual geography teacher [Kasap et al 2009]; the interactive football experts and moderator for the World Cup in Germany 2006 [Reithinger et al 2006]; Max, the virtual museum guide who is in permanent exhibition at the Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum since 2004 [Pfeiffer et al 2011]; and some other characters that have been used in more psychological and user experience experiments like MARC [Courgeon et al 2009], Greta [Niewiadomski et al 2009] or Alfred [Bee et al 2009]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The next generation poetic experience

Arellano¹,

Helzle²

2013

SIGGRAPH Asia 2013 Art Gallery

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This paper presents the motivation, background and implementation of The Muses of Poetry, an interactive installation that combines dynamically generated character animation, semantic analysis, natural voice interaction and affect in poetry. Inspired by the subjectivity and ethereal quality of this literary art, we wanted to enhance the act of reciting poetry by providing a set of characters the possibility to "understand" and manifest the emotional content of the poems through facial expressions and affective speech. We believe that this original installation will bring poetry closer to a wider audience, while creating a playful, interactive and surprising experience for the user.

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Breaking the Ice in Human-Agent Communication: Eye-Gaze Based Initiation of Contact with an Embodied Conversational Agent

Cited by 33 publications

References 7 publications

Evaluating perceived trust from procedurally animated gaze

Evaluating perceived trust from procedurally animated gaze

Rabble of Robots Effects

The next generation poetic experience

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