Breaking the Caste Barrier: Intergenerational Mobility in India

Hnatkovska, Viktoria; Lahiri, Amartya; Paul, Sourabh

doi:10.1353/jhr.2013.0012

Cited by 117 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Based on the estimated intergenerational elasticity, the transmission of educational attainment from father to son has decreased significantly across birth cohorts in last 45 years. This trend 24 In a recent paper, Hnatkovskay et al (2012) used the NSS data and presented transition matrix for education mobility for year 1983 and 2004-05 based on cross-section data. For both rounds they document an unusually high level of regression of education attainments of children with almost 50 (63 for SC/ST) percent of the children of highly educated parents getting less education than their parents (see Table 5, Hnatkovskay et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As discussed in Section 1.1, most of the existing studies (Jalan and Murgai, 2008;Maitra and Sharma, 2009;Hnatkovskay et al, 2012) rely on the co-residence condition to identify father-son pairs from cross-sectional data. This leads to a significant loss of observations and more importantly raises serious sample selection issue as coresident households may differ systematically from other households.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This leads to a significant loss of observations and more importantly raises serious sample selection issue as coresident households may differ systematically from other households. For instance, the identification of parental information achieved through co-residence, will either lead to restricting the analysis to the young adults (Jalan and Murgai, 2008) or giving a cross -sectional estimate based on a sample that is not representative of the adult population (Hnatkovskay et al, 2012). 3 ' 4 In this paper we address this issue by creating a unique father-son matched data, using the nationally representative India Human Development Survey, 2005 (IHDS), that is not limited to coresident households.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Like Father, Like Son? Intergenerational Education Mobility in India

Azam

Bhatt

2012

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. An important constraint in studying intergenerational education mobility for India is the lack of data that contain information about parents' education for the entire adult population. This paper employs a novel strategy to create a unique father-son matched data that is representative of the entire adult male population in India. Using this father-son matched data, we study the extent of intergenerational mobility in educational attainment in India since 1940s and provide an estimate of how India ranks among other nations. We also document this mobility across social groups, and states in India. Finally, we investigate the evolution of mobility in educational attainment across the two generations and whether this trend differs across social groups and state boundaries. We find that there have been significant improvements in educational mobility across generations in India, at the aggregate level, across social groups, and across states. Although most of the Indian states have made significant progress over time, in terms of improved mobility, there remains significant variation across states with some states faring worse than the others. JEL Classification:J6, I28

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Like Father, Like Son? Intergenerational Education Mobility in India

Azam

Bhatt

2012

SSRN Journal

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“…Nowadays castes seem to play a smaller role in the everyday life for Indian people, but they are still very important for many of them. The enacting of laws that forbid discrimination against members of lower castes and the launching of several affirmative initiatives might today have weakened its economic importance, but the caste system still exists (Desai and Dubey 2012;Hnatkovska et al 2013). At the time when the industrialization of India was just beginning, certain rationalized work techniques, such as assembly-line work, seemed to be incompatible with the caste related duties (i.e., their caste dharma) of many castes.…”

Section: Capitalism Caste Order and Salvation Doctrinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconceptualizing Profit-Orientation in Management: A Karmic View on ‘Return on Investment’ Calculations

Köllen

2016

Philosophy of Management

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From the perspective of the present day, Puritan-inspired capitalism seems to have succeeded globally, including in India. Connected to this, short-term profit-orientation in management seems to constrain the scope of different management approaches in a tight ideological corset. This article discusses the possibility of replacing this Puritan doctrine with the crucial elements of Indian philosophy: Karma and samsara. In doing so, the possibility of revising the guiding principles in capitalist management becomes conceivable, namely the monetary focus of profit-orientation and its short-term orientation. This perspective allows a detachment of the concept of profit from the realm of money, as the seemingly only objectifiable measure of profit. Furthermore it allows a removal of the expectation that every Binvestment^has to directly Bpay off^. A karmic view offers management a possible facility for being more caring about the needs and fates of other stakeholders, as profit-orientation would no longer be attached as a factual constraint to merely accumulate money.

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“…4 Other research shows, however, that intergenerational social mobility can occur despite the caste system. Hnatkovska et al (2013) use the household level National Sample Survey (NSSO) data from to examine the economic progress of sons compared to their fathers in terms of income, education, and occupation. They find that when comparing the most disadvantaged groups, namely the Dalits (SCs) and Adivasis (STs) to the most advantaged, there is significant intergenerational mobility in all of these dimensions, including significant occupational upgrading by sons as compared to their fathers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income Convergence and the Flow Out of Poverty in India, 1994-2005

2013

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. The estimation strategy consists of convergence analysis to test whether poor households are catching-up in terms of income, followed by transition analysis to test whether poor households are more likely to exit poverty than to remain poor. The identification strategy explicitly addresses issues pertaining to the potential endogeneity and measurement error of initial income and poverty. We find evidence of income convergence and a higher probability of exiting poverty than of remaining poor. The key variables driving these results are education, occupation and asset ownership.JEL Classification: O12, O47, O53

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Breaking the Caste Barrier: Intergenerational Mobility in India

Cited by 117 publications

References 21 publications

Like Father, Like Son? Intergenerational Education Mobility in India

Like Father, Like Son? Intergenerational Education Mobility in India

Reconceptualizing Profit-Orientation in Management: A Karmic View on ‘Return on Investment’ Calculations

Income Convergence and the Flow Out of Poverty in India, 1994-2005

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