Breakfast and Exercise Improve Academic and Cognitive Performance in Adolescents

Kawabata, Masato; Lee, Kerry; Choo, Hui Cheng; Burns, Stephen F.

doi:10.3390/nu13041278

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In this prospective study, both men and women with a low frequency of breakfast intake tended to have an increased risk of poor AP, which is consistent with previous findings regarding elementary and high school students [17,18]. However, the findings regarding elementary and high school students may not be applicable to undergraduate students since the pre-universitylevel curriculum consists primarily of foundational and immovable courses, with the result that all students' waking times tend to be similar and students rarely wake up late enough to have to skip breakfast in the morning.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Development of a Point-based Model for Poor Academic Performance in Japanese University Students Based on Lifestyle Risk Factors: A Prospective Cohort Study

Chu

Chen²,

Saito³

et al. 2023

AJMAH

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Aims: Multiple lifestyle behaviors have been linked with poor academic performance (AP) in undergraduate students. It is unknown whether a risk prediction model that incorporates a combination of different lifestyle behaviors would predict the risk of poor AP. Study design: a population-based prospective study Methods: A total of 2,282 eligible participants (men: 66%) aged 18 to 22 years were followed up for four years. Poor AP was defined as a grade point average (GPA) of less than 2.0. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify lifestyle behaviors associated with the development of poor AP, and a score was created from predictors in the final model. Results: During a median follow-up period of four years, 440 (29.2%) men and 111 (14.3%) women developed poor AP. The final model for poor AP in men included low frequency of breakfast intake, dietary intake ups and downs, shorter weekday study time, longer weekday video game time, doing exercise almost every day, self-rated irregular lifestyle. In women, alcohol intake once or more per week, low frequency of breakfast intake, dietary intake ups and downs were included in the final model for poor AP. The risk prediction models showed good discriminatory abilities (C statistics: 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67, 0.78 for women; and 0.70, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.74 for men). Conclusions: This risk prediction model incorporating multiple unhealthy lifestyle behaviors predicts poor AP with good discrimination ability.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Development of a Point-based Model for Poor Academic Performance in Japanese University Students Based on Lifestyle Risk Factors: A Prospective Cohort Study

Chu

Chen²,

Saito³

et al. 2023

AJMAH

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“…Breakfast foods that do not produce high blood glucose levels after meals are preferred to improve students' cognitive performance. 40 Changes in the diet may negatively or positively affect health at all stages of life. Unfortunately, many developing countries focus only on nutritional deficiencies and do not focus on the concept of preventing chronic diseases by modifying food systems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Food Consumption, Dietary and Lifestyle Habits in a Sample of Jordanian Adults in Al-Zarqa City

2023

TJNPR

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Healthy eating habits should include the right amount of food consumed daily to meet the needs for different nutrients. The aim of this study is to determine the indexes of healthy nutrition in a sample of Jordanian university students aged 18–25 years and to compare them with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). This descriptive cross-sectional design study was conducted among Zarqa University students over a period of six months. The study included 332 participants (150 males and 182 females). Energy and nutrients were calculated from dietary data by using a single 24- hour dietary recall. The mean daily intake was compared with the Dietary Recommended Intake (DRI). Energy intake was less than 1500 kcal in both genders, and dietary fiber intake was less than the recommendations. The mean score of the HEI in the whole sample is 57.4. The majority of students (65.1% of the whole sample) have diets rated in the "Needs Improvement" category. The mean HEI values for each BMI category among the underweight, normal, overweight, and obese males and females were 53.7, 58.3, 57.3, and 56.5, respectively. The mean HEI score of grains was 7.72, vegetables 3.07, fruits 4.44, milk 1.49, meat 6.39, total fat 6.04, saturated fat 7.00, cholesterol 7.72, sodium 7.83, and variety 6.59 in the whole sample. The results show that students need to increase their intake of fruits, vegetables, and dairy products. The results could provide a basis for developing suitable intervention programs to encourage healthy eating in this age group.

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“…In line with this association, Adolphus et al ( 33 ) showed in a systematic review of studies with children and adolescents that, breakfast intake positively influences cognitive function compared to skipping breakfast. Likewise, Masoomi et al ( 34 ) and Kawabata et al ( 35 ) demonstrated that breakfast consumption had a positive influence on students' cognitive functions and school performance. Furthermore, Peña-Jorquera et al ( 36 ) indicated that adolescents who eat breakfast before cognitively demanding activities and who regularly include a high-quality breakfast have higher cognitive performance than their counterparts who do not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Association Between Eating Habits and Perceived School Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study Among 46,455 Adolescents From 42 Countries

et al. 2022

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PurposeThis study analyzed the association between selected self-reported eating habits and perceived school performance in adolescents by gender.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was conducted with data from a large representative sample of adolescents from 42 different countries. Participants answered questions about their weekly frequency of fruit, vegetable, sweets, and soft drink consumption, as well as the frequency of breakfast consumption and family meals. The adolescents subjectively rated their school performance compared to that of their classmates. Logistic regression models were adjusted for region, age, body mass index (z-score), socioeconomic status, physical activity, recreational screen time, and sleep difficulties.ResultsAmong the 46,455 (53.5% female, mean age of 13.7 ± 1.6 years) adolescents studied, 20.6% of males and 25.5% of females reported high perceived school performance. In the results of the fully adjusted analyses, the higher the frequency of all healthy eating habits studied, the higher the perceived school performance in both males and females. Specifically, both males and females reporting a higher frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption, a lower frequency of sweets and soft drink consumption, more frequent breakfast consumption, and more frequent family meals (breakfast and dinner) were more likely to perceive their school performance as higher compared to their classmates. In addition, having breakfast regularly on weekends and the frequency of family dinner were associated with better school performance in both males and females.ConclusionsIn summary, this study provide cross-sectional evidence on the association between healthy eating habits and perceived school performance. Considering that school performance is an indicator of healthy development in adolescence, our findings reinforce and extend the evidence on the importance of healthy eating at this stage of life.

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Breakfast and Exercise Improve Academic and Cognitive Performance in Adolescents

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

Development of a Point-based Model for Poor Academic Performance in Japanese University Students Based on Lifestyle Risk Factors: A Prospective Cohort Study

Development of a Point-based Model for Poor Academic Performance in Japanese University Students Based on Lifestyle Risk Factors: A Prospective Cohort Study

Evaluation of Food Consumption, Dietary and Lifestyle Habits in a Sample of Jordanian Adults in Al-Zarqa City

Association Between Eating Habits and Perceived School Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study Among 46,455 Adolescents From 42 Countries

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