Breakfast and dinner insulin index and insulin load in relation to overweight in children and adolescents

Caferoğlu, Zeynep; Erdal, Busra; Akın, Leyla; Kurtoğlu, Selim

doi:10.1007/s00394-020-02478-9

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A cross-sectional study on 137 European overweight and obese adolescents in their puberty also supported the aforementioned study, indicating that a Mediterranean diet was related to a reduced risk of the MUHO phenotype 35. A cross-sectional study conducted on both overweight and normal-weight Turkish children revealed that breakfast and dinner with a higher DII and DIL were associated with a higher OR of being overweight 36. Two other studies were investigating the correlation between DII and DIL with diabetes and cardiovascular disease, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“… 35 A cross-sectional study conducted on both overweight and normal-weight Turkish children revealed that breakfast and dinner with a higher DII and DIL were associated with a higher OR of being overweight. 36 Two other studies were investigating the correlation between DII and DIL with diabetes and cardiovascular disease, respectively. The first study concluded that a higher DII and DIL of the diet were associated with a higher risk of diabetes, and DIL was a better predictor for diabetes compared with DII.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between Insulin Index and dietary insulin load with cardiometabolic phenotype in the AZAR cohort population in north-western Iran: a cross-sectionalstudy

et al. 2023

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ObjectivesHyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance are proposed as contributors to the incidence of cardiometabolic phenotypes (CMPs) with unhealthy metabolic status. This study analysed the association between dietary insulin load (DIL) and Dietary Insulin Index (DII) with CMPs in the AZAR cohort population.DesignThis study was a cross-sectional analysis of the AZAR Cohort Study, beginning in 2014 and continuing to this date.SettingThe AZAR cohort is a part of an Iranian screening programme named the Persian cohort and involves participants living in the Shabestar region, Iran for at least 9 months.ParticipantsA total of 15 006 participants agreed to partake in the study. We excluded participants with missing data (n=15), daily energy intake lower than 800 kcal (n=7) or higher than 8000 kcal (n=17), and cancer (n=85). Finally, 14 882 individuals remained.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe gathered information included the participants' demographic, dietary, anthropometric and physical activity data.ResultsThe frequency of DIL and DII significantly decreased from the first to fourth quartiles in metabolically unhealthy participants (p≤0.001). The mean values of DIL and DII were greater in metabolically healthy participants than in unhealthy ones (p<0.001). The results of the unadjusted model showed that the risks of unhealthy phenotypes in the fourth DIL quartile decreased by 0.21 (0.14–0.32) and 0.37 (0.33–0.43), respectively, compared with the first quartile. The same model showed the same risks for DII decreased by 0.18 (0.11–0.28) and 0.39 (0.34–0.45), respectively. The results in both genders were the same as all participants combined.ConclusionsDII and DIL were correlated with a decreased OR of unhealthy phenotypes. We suggest the reason may be either a lifestyle change in metabolically unhealthy participants or elevated insulin secretion not being as detrimental as previously thought. Further studies can confirm these speculations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Insulin Index and dietary insulin load with cardiometabolic phenotype in the AZAR cohort population in north-western Iran: a cross-sectionalstudy

et al. 2023

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“…In contrast, prior evidence showed that Western dietary pattern was related to an increased risk of MetS and obesity in children and adolescents ( 47 – 49 ). A cross-sectional study that investigated 205 overweight and 146 normal-weight 6-year Turkish children has documented that higher DII and DIL, especially for breakfast and dinner, were related to higher OR of overweight ( 25 ). In the current analysis, we demonstrated that more adherence to DIL or DII was strongly related to increased OR of MUO, especially in obese adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they could not find significant associations between DIL and DII and risk of CVD in adults ( 24 ). In the case of pediatric population, a cross-sectional study in children and adolescents documented that DII and DIL, especially for breakfast and dinner, were related to elevated OR of overweight ( 25 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Dietary Insulin Index and Dietary Insulin Load With Metabolic Health Status in Iranian Overweight and Obese Adolescents

et al. 2022

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BackgroundLimited data are available on the association of dietary insulin load (DIL) and dietary insulin index (DII) with health status in pediatrics. We aimed to investigate the relationship of DIL and DII with metabolic health status in Iranian overweight/obese adolescents.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, using a multistage cluster random-sampling method, 203 overweight/obese adolescents (aged 12 to <18 years) were included. A validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used for a dietary intake assessment. Glycemic and lipid profile, blood pressure (BP), and anthropometric indices were measured. Participants were categorized as metabolically healthy obese (MHO) or metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) using the two methods of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and a combination of IDF with Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR).ResultsAccording to IDF and IDF/HOMA-IR strategies, 38.9% (n = 79) and 33.0% (n = 67) of participants belonged to MUO category. After adjustments for potential confounders, subjects in the highest tertile of DIL in comparison with those in the lowest tertile had the odds ratio (OR) values of 8.44 (95% CI: 2.24–31.78) and 5.86 (95% CI: 1.39–24.58) for MUO based on IDF and IDF/HOMA-IR definitions, respectively. Moreover, after considering potential confounders, adolescents in the highest tertile of DII, compared to the lowest tertile, were, respectively, 6.93 (OR: 6.93; 95% CI: 2.59–18.57) and 5.26 (OR: 5.26; 95% CI: 1.85–14.97) times more likely to be MUO, based on IDF and IDF/HOMA-IR definitions. A significant decreasing trend was observed for OR of MUO in tertiles of DIL and DII. The stratified analysis revealed that these associations were stronger in obese participants; in overweight subjects, the association was not independent of confounders.ConclusionThis population-based study revealed that higher DIL and DII were strongly related to increased OR of MUO in Iranian adolescents, especially in obese participants. Further investigations, especially with a prospective design, are needed to affirm these findings.

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“…Dietary assessment was performed using a three-day food record. They found that higher insulin demand, especially at breakfast and dinner, was associated with being overweight, and night eating may be associated with eating compulsive behaviors related to obesity [40][41][42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Quality of Carbohydrate Metrics Related to Fasting Insulin, Glycosylated Hemoglobin and HOMA-IR in Brazilian Adolescents

et al. 2022

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Low glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) diets are effective for glycemic control (GC) associated with a carbohydrate-controlled meal plan. However, whether GI and GL peaks are related to GC is unknown. Objective: To compare the daily GI (DGI)/GL (DGL) and average GI (AvGI)/GL (AvGL) of meals (accounting for peaks) related to GC markers (GCM) in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: A representative national school-based (public/private) sample of students without diabetes, 12–17 years of age, was evaluated. Food intake was based on a 24 h recall. The models for complex cluster sampling were adjusted (sex, sexual maturation, age, and physical activity). Results: Of 35,737 students, 74% were from public schools, 60% girls, 17% overweight, and 8% obese. The minimum DGI and DGL were observed at lunch, with higher values at night. Fasting insulin was 1.5 times higher in overweight/obese (OW) girls, and 1.7 times higher in OW boys than in normal-weight (NW) girls. The same trend was observed for the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (OW = 2.82 vs. NW = 1.84 in girls; OW = 2.66 vs. NW = 1.54 in boys; p < 0.05). The daily and average metrics were greater for NW adolescents. Glycosylated hemoglobin was not associated with these metrics, except for AvGL. Insulin and HOMA-IR were associated with all metrics in NW adolescents, with greater coefficients associated with AvGL. Among overweight/obese adolescents, only GI metrics were associated (β = 0.23; AvGI and insulin) and appeared to have the best association with GCM. Conclusions: Among NW adolescents, GL is a better measure of carbohydrate quality, but for those with overweight/obesity, carbohydrate consumption is more associated with GC, probably because they eat/report small amounts of carbohydrates.

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Breakfast and dinner insulin index and insulin load in relation to overweight in children and adolescents

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Associations between Insulin Index and dietary insulin load with cardiometabolic phenotype in the AZAR cohort population in north-western Iran: a cross-sectionalstudy

Associations between Insulin Index and dietary insulin load with cardiometabolic phenotype in the AZAR cohort population in north-western Iran: a cross-sectionalstudy

Association of Dietary Insulin Index and Dietary Insulin Load With Metabolic Health Status in Iranian Overweight and Obese Adolescents

Comparison of Quality of Carbohydrate Metrics Related to Fasting Insulin, Glycosylated Hemoglobin and HOMA-IR in Brazilian Adolescents

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