Breakage and re-growth of flocs formed by alum and PACl

Preparation and characterization of composite bioflocculants in comparison with dual-coagulants for the treatment of kaolin suspension

“…PAClCBF exhibited higher growth rate, strength and recovery factors compared with dual-coagulants. Recovery factors of all coagulants were quite low, which indicated that sweep flocculation could contribute the coagulation process for sweep flocs were irreversible after breakage [32]. According to the foregoing results, composite bioflocculants cause coagulation of particles by charge neutralization, sweep flocculation and adsorption bridging.…”

Influence of coagulation mechanisms on the residual aluminum – The roles of coagulant species and MW of organic matter

“…6, it elucidated that D f value is positively correlated with the residual Al concentration. The flocs formed by Al a would be easier to be broken and lead to the release of Al [36,37]. Therefore, the D f value is a vital index rather than floc size to indicate the residual Al concentration.…”

Enhanced removal for humic-acid (HA) and coagulation process using carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/polyalumium chloride (PACl) composites coagulants

“…There are many factors which could affect the breakage and regrowth process [34,35]. Some previous researches have showed that the flocs could not regrow to former size before breakage, and the floc size after breakage decreased with increasing the breakage rate.…”