Break the Chain of Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) Infection: A Review

Abstract

In December 2019, several patients from Wuhan, China were admitted with symptoms of pneumonia. As the number of patients presenting with similar symptoms started to rise, the causative agent was eventually isolated from samples. It was initially called the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and has been recently relabelled as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); the disease it causes has been named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. special treatment. Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes and how it spreads. Protect yourself and others from infection by washing your hands or using an alcohol based rub frequently and not touching your face. The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes, so it's important that you also practice respiratory etiquette (for example, by coughing into a flexed elbow). At this time, there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19. However, there are many ongoing clinical trials evaluating potential treatments. WHO will continue to provide updated information as soon as clinical findings become available. Since the virus is spreading worldwide, on March 31, 2020, the WHO officially described the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic.

Absence of virological and epidemiological evidence that SARS-CoV-2 poses COVID-19 risks from environmental fecal waste, wastewater and water exposures

“…Based on the extensive clinical and epidemiological evidence gathered so far, COVID-19 transmission can be described by the established process known as the chain of infection and its six elements (Ahmad et al 2020). The first element is the infectious agent, SARS-COV-2, which causes the disease COVID-19.…”

“…To reduce COVID-19 transmission risks, public health agencies and other concerned stakeholders invoke and promote public health and social measures of prevention and control. These measures include: (1) keeping physical distance from other people (usually 1-2 m), (2) encouraging frequent hand hygiene, (3) rapidly identifying people with COVID-19 and encouraging or requiring their isolation, (4) encouraging or requiring timely quarantining (confinement) of people who have been in recent contact with others who have COVID-19, infection or illness, (5) encouraging or requiring the wearing of face masks or respirators by both those with COVID-19 infection or illness (source control) and others who may become exposed to them (susceptibles) and ( 6) disinfecting various surfaces and objects to inactivate any SARS-CoV-2 on them (Ahmad et al 2020). In some communities and countries, preventing or reducing COVID-19 transmission is further addressed by encouraging or requiring people to stay home and not venture out, except for essential reasons (e.g., buying groceries); this is referred to as 'lockdown'.…”