Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Responses to Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Inoculation under Drought Stress Conditions

Abstract

Abiotic constraints such as water deficit reduce cereal production. Plants have different strategies against these stresses to improve plant growth, physiological metabolism and crop production. For example, arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM)—bread wheat association has been shown to improve tolerance to drought stress conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of AM inoculation on plant characteristics, lipid peroxidation, solute accumulation, water deficit saturation, photosynthetic activity, total phenol secretion and enzymatic activities including peroxidise (PO) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in two bread wheat cultivars (PAN3497 and SST806) under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions in plants grown under greenhouse conditions, to determine whether AM can enhance drought tolerance in wheat. AM inoculation improved morphological and physiological parameters in plants under stress. The leaf number increased by 35% and 5%, tiller number by 25% and 23%, chlorophyll content by 7% and 10%, accumulation of soluble sugars by 33% and 14%, electrolyte leakage by 26% and 32%, PPO by 44% and 47% and PO by 30% and 37% respectively, in PAN3497 and SST806, respectively. However, drought stress decreased proline content by 20% and 24%, oxidative damage to lipids measured as malondialdehyde by 34% and 60%, and total phenol content by 55% and 40% respectively, in AM treated plants of PAN3497 and SST806. PAN3497 was generally more drought-sensitive than SST806. This study showed that AM can contribute to protect plants against drought stress by alleviating water deficit induced oxidative stress.

Soil Microorganisms and Seaweed Application With Supplementary Irrigation Improved Physiological Traits and Yield of Two Dryland Wheat Cultivars

“…The increased root volume under supplementary irrigation ( Figure 1 ), along with the plant’s improved water status ( Table 3 and Figures 4 , 5 ), lowered the formation of reactive oxygen species (H 2 O 2 ). According to Abdi et al (2021) , water limitation caused the highest electrolyte leakage, H 2 O 2 , and MDA in wheat plants ( Waszczak et al, 2018 ; Farooq et al, 2019 ). Plants create ROS, such as H 2 O 2 , to combat abiotic stresses.…”

Potential Benefits of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi in Sustainable Agricultural Cultivation

“…Sự cộng sinh của nấm AM đã cải thiện đáng kể khả năng sinh trưởng và khả năng chịu hạn của nhiều loại cây trồng như bắp, lúa mì, chanh, cà chua, đậu bắp, carob [30][31][32][33][34][35]. Trong điều kiện nhà lưới và duy trì điều kiện khô hạn ở mức 50% thuỷ dung ngoài đồng trong 40 ngày sinh trưởng, cây đậu bắp (Abelmoschus esculentus) có chủng nấm rễ cộng sinh thể hiện khả năng chống chịu tốt với điều kiện khô hạn [34].…”

“…Sau 15, 30 và 45 ngày ở điều kiện khô hạn, sinh trưởng của cả hai giống lúa mì PAN3497 và SST806 đều cải thiện đáng kể hơn so với nghiệm thức đối chứng không bổ sung nấm rễ trong cùng điều kiện. Tỉ lệ cải thiện cao nhất được ghi nhận đối với số lá sau 45 ngày stress, mức tăng so với đối chứng tương ứng 46,3% và 66,6% đối với PAN3497 và SST806 [35]. Bowles et al [2] cũng chỉ ra rằng nấm AM giúp gia tăng khoảng 25% năng suất cà chua ở cả điều kiện tưới nước đầy đủ và giảm 50% trong điều kiện đồng ruộng.…”

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Agriculture

“…Several studies have begun to produce a series of AM fungal species-specific applications to a developing crop (Table 3) to biologically mitigate the abiotic stressor [154,[160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168]. Santander et al [169] investigated the use of AM fungi as a biofertiliser for the mitigation of salt stress and yield increase in lettuce (Lactuca sativa), finding Claroideoglomus claroideum inoculations increased crop biomass and nitrogen uptake.…”

“…Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculum to established crop to mitigate abiotic plant stressors (salinity, heat and drought), with measured resultant effects. An update to[154,[157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168].…”