2013
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.02.004
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Breach of psychological contract, organizational cynicism and union commitment: A study of hospitality industry in Pakistan

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Cited by 69 publications
(54 citation statements)
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“…Several studies have linked culture to conflict styles and found that individualists have different preferences for conflict management compared to collectivists (Ting-Toomey et al, 1991). Our study was conducted in Pakistan, a society that can be considered collectivistic in general (Bashir and Nasir, 2013;Hofstede, 1980;Islam, 2004), where collectivists are understood to be non-confrontational and avoiding or integrating (Gunkel et al, 2016), and, therefore, we expect Pakistanis to be more conforming and less confronting. Nevertheless, there are inconsistent research findings for CMS preferences within cultures (Holt and DeVore, 2005;Ting-Toomey et al, 2000).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…Several studies have linked culture to conflict styles and found that individualists have different preferences for conflict management compared to collectivists (Ting-Toomey et al, 1991). Our study was conducted in Pakistan, a society that can be considered collectivistic in general (Bashir and Nasir, 2013;Hofstede, 1980;Islam, 2004), where collectivists are understood to be non-confrontational and avoiding or integrating (Gunkel et al, 2016), and, therefore, we expect Pakistanis to be more conforming and less confronting. Nevertheless, there are inconsistent research findings for CMS preferences within cultures (Holt and DeVore, 2005;Ting-Toomey et al, 2000).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…For instance, in a study of 279 employees, Bashir and Nasir (2013) found a positive relationship between these variables. When PCB occurs, employees perceive that one or more responsibilities of the organization are not being fulfilled (Morrison and Robinson, 1997).…”
Section: Literature Review and Hypothesesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The studies conducted by Bashir and Nasir (2013) and Andersson (1996) also deal with the connection between worker cynicism and psychological contract infringements and stressed that there is a negative correlation between psychological contract infringements and cynicism. While Brandes and Das (2006) highlight that there is a negative correlation between cynicism and work performance, Byrne and Hochwarter (2008) stated that there is an inverse proportion between the perceived organizational support and cynicism.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While Brandes and Das (2006) highlight that there is a negative correlation between cynicism and work performance, Byrne and Hochwarter (2008) stated that there is an inverse proportion between the perceived organizational support and cynicism. In a study on hotel management field by Bashir and Nasir (2013), workers' level of cynicism is inversely proportionate to organizational loyalty.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%