Brazilian Vaccinia Viruses and Their Origins

Trindade, Giliane S.; Emerson, Ginny L.; Carroll, Darin S.; Kroon, Erna Geessien; Damon, Inger K.

doi:10.3201/eid1307.061404

Cited by 120 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…With regard to the natural hosts of OPV species, CPXV persists in bank voles, field voles and wood and house mice, while squirrels seem to be the main natural reservoir of MPXV (Hutson et al, 2007). VACV was used as a vaccine during the smallpox eradication campaign, but to date, there are few data about the origins, natural reservoirs and mechanisms through which the virus persists in nature (Fenner et al, 1989;Trindade et al, 2007;Drumond et al, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…vgf is a conserved OPV gene that is widely used as a PCR target in association with other genes, in diagnostic and phylogenetic analyses of Brazilian poxvirus outbreaks (Fonseca et al, 1998;Trindade et al, 2007). We used a semi-nested PCR targeting vgf (J. S. Abrahão and others, unpublished data) to detect VACV DNA from clinical samples without previous DNA extraction.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Vaccinia virus: shedding and horizontal transmission in a murine model

Ferreira

Abrahão

Drumond

et al. 2008

Journal of General Virology

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Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been associated with several bovine vaccinia outbreaks in Brazil, affecting cattle and humans. There are no available data about VACV environmental circulation or the role of wildlife in the emergence of an outbreak. Since VACV was isolated from rodents in Brazil, we investigated shedding and transmission of VACV strains in mice. The VACV excretion profile was assessed by PCR and chicken chorioallantoic membrane infection, revealing viral DNA and infectious virus in the faeces and urine of intranasally infected mice. Horizontal transmission was assessed by exposure of sentinel mice to wood shavings contaminated with excrement, to mimic a natural infection. Sentinel mice showed orthopoxvirus antibodies, and VACV DNA and infectious virus were detected in their faeces and intestines, even after six rounds of natural transmission. Together, these data suggest that murine excrement could play a relevant role in VACV spread and transmission, perhaps helping to explain how these viruses circulate between their natural hosts.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Vaccinia virus: shedding and horizontal transmission in a murine model

Ferreira

Abrahão

Drumond

et al. 2008

Journal of General Virology

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“…Unlike variola virus, which infects only humans, vaccinia virus is known to infect a range of domestic animals (observed during smallpox vaccinations) and its outbreaks are frequently reported in dairy cattle in Brazil (17). However, whether VCP exhibits preference in inhibiting bovine complement remained unclear.…”

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confidence: 99%

Species Selectivity in Poxviral Complement Regulators Is Dictated by the Charge Reversal in the Central Complement Control Protein Modules

Yadav

Pyaram

Ahmad

et al. 2012

The Journal of Immunology

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Variola and vaccinia viruses, the two most important members of the family Poxviridae, are known to encode homologs of the human complement regulators named smallpox inhibitor of complement enzymes (SPICE) and vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP), respectively, to subvert the host complement system. Intriguingly, consistent with the host tropism of these viruses, SPICE has been shown to be more human complement-specific than VCP, and in this study we show that VCP is more bovine complement-specific than SPICE. Based on mutagenesis and mechanistic studies, we suggest that the major determinant for the switch in species selectivity of SPICE and VCP is the presence of oppositely charged residues in the central complement control modules, which help enhance their interaction with factor I and C3b, the proteolytically cleaved form of C3. Thus, our results provide a molecular basis for the species selectivity in poxviral complement regulators.

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“…Vaccinia virus (VACV) belongs to family Poxviridae, genus Orthopoxvirus, and is associated with exanthematic and vesicular disease mainly in cattle, but also in man and, possibly in wild and peridomestic rodents (TRINDADE et al, 2007;ABRAHÃO et al, 2009;BORGES et al, 2013;PERES et al, 2013). Natural infection by VACV in horses was reported in Brazil, yet it seems to be a rare event (BRUM et al, 2010;MATOS et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VACV is the etiological agent of bovine vaccinia, a zoonotic and emerging disease with great importance in dairy cattle and public health in some Brazilian regions (TRINDADE et al, 2007;KROON et al, 2011;SANT'ANA et al, 2013). The VACV disease is characterized by vesicular, pustular, and scabby lesions in udder and teats of cows, or in muzzle and oral cavity of suckling calves (LOBATO et al, 2005;SANT'ANA et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%