Brazilian species of Onychophora with notes on their taxonomy and distribution

Costa, Cristiano Sampaio; Chagas-Júnior, Amazonas; Baptista, Renner Luiz Cerqueira

doi:10.1590/s1984-46702009005000004

Cited by 19 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, a recent report of “ Peripatus sp. 3” close to the type locality of E. machadoi suggests a higher number of species in this region than have been described thus far [5]. Our data indeed revealed three additional separate lineages occurring close to the type locality of E. machadoi .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

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Cryptic Speciation in Brazilian Epiperipatus (Onychophora: Peripatidae) Reveals an Underestimated Diversity among the Peripatid Velvet Worms

et al. 2011

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BackgroundTaxonomical studies of the neotropical Peripatidae (Onychophora, velvet worms) have proven difficult, due to intraspecific variation and uniformity of morphological characters across this onychophoran subgroup. We therefore used molecular approaches, in addition to morphological methods, to explore the diversity of Epiperipatus from the Minas Gerais State of Brazil.Methodology/Principal FindingsOur analyses revealed three new species. While Epiperipatus diadenoproctus sp. nov. can be distinguished from E. adenocryptus sp. nov. and E. paurognostus sp. nov. based on morphology and specific nucleotide positions in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and small ribosomal subunit RNA gene sequences (12S rRNA), anatomical differences between the two latter species are not evident. However, our phylogenetic analyses of molecular data suggest that they are cryptic species, with high Bayesian posterior probabilities and bootstrap and Bremer support values for each species clade. The sister group relationship of E. adenocryptus sp. nov. and E. paurognostus sp. nov. in our analyses correlates with the remarkable morphological similarity of these two species. To assess the species status of the new species, we performed a statistical parsimony network analysis based on 582 base pairs of the COI gene in our specimens, with the connection probability set to 95%. Our findings revealed no connections between groups of haplotypes, which have been recognized as allopatric lineages in our phylogenetic analyses, thus supporting our suggestion that they are separate species.Conclusions/SignificanceOur findings suggest high cryptic species diversity and endemism among the neotropical Peripatidae and demonstrate that the combination of morphological and molecular approaches is helpful for clarifying the taxonomy and species diversity of this apparently large and diverse onychophoran group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…A re-examination of the material identified as “ Peripatus sp. 3” reported from RPPN Mata do Sossego and from three other localities by Sampaio-Costa et al [5] revealed that only the specimens from Mata do Sossego, the type locality, belong to E. diadenoproctus sp. nov. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Cryptic Speciation in Brazilian Epiperipatus (Onychophora: Peripatidae) Reveals an Underestimated Diversity among the Peripatid Velvet Worms

et al. 2011

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“…Essa espécie, já ocasionalmente observada por alguns de nós há vários anos, é encontrada na superfície do solo dos cacauais experimentais (14 o 45'S e 39 o 13'W) do Centro de Pesquisa do Cacau, CEPLAC, em Ilhéus, Bahia, e na sua região. Na Bahia, só há registros de outras espécies não identificadas do gênero Peripatus na Serra da Jibóia, município de Santa Terezinha (Vasconcellos et al, 2006) e em Porto Seguro (Sampaio- Costa et al, 2009).…”

Section: Nota Científicaunclassified

“…Somente os peripatídeos estão representados no Brasil, onde se distribuem em quatro gêneros e compreendem, até o momento, 24 morfoespécies conhecidas (Sampaio- Costa et al, 2009). Nos últimos anos, diversos exemplares foram coletados na Mata Atlântica e identificados como sendo dos gêneros Epiperipatus, Macroperipatus e Peripatus (Sampaio- Costa et al, 2009).…”

Section: Nota Científicaunclassified

“…Nos últimos anos, diversos exemplares foram coletados na Mata Atlântica e identificados como sendo dos gêneros Epiperipatus, Macroperipatus e Peripatus (Sampaio- Costa et al, 2009). Poucos, entretanto, chegaram a ser classificados em nível de espécie, devido a dificuldades taxonômicas inerentes ao grupo (Sampaio-Costa et al, 2009;Oliveira et al, 2011).…”

Section: Nota Científicaunclassified

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2013

Agrotropica

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The ‘Peripatos' in Eurogondwana? — Lack of evidence that southeast Asian onychophorans walked through Europe

Giribet

Buckman-Young

Costa

et al. 2018

Invert. Systematics

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Onychophorans, or velvet worms, are cryptic but extremely charismatic terrestrial invertebrates that have often been the subject of interesting biogeographic debate. Despite great interest, a well resolved and complete phylogeny of the group and a reliable chronogram have been elusive due to their broad geographic distribution, paucity of samples, and challenging molecular composition. Here we present a molecular phylogenetic analysis of Onychophora that includes previously unsampled and undersampled lineages and we analyse the expanded dataset using a series of nested taxon sets designed to increase the amount of information available for particular subclades. These include a dataset with outgroups, one restricted to the ingroup taxa, and three others for Peripatopsidae, Peripatidae and Neopatida (= the Neotropical Peripatidae). To explore competing biogeographic scenarios we generate a new time tree for Onychophora using the few available reliable fossils as calibration points. Comparing our results to those of Cyphophthalmi, we reconsider the hypothesis that velvet worms reached Southeast Asia via Eurogondwana, and conclude that a more likely scenario is that they reached Southeast Asia by rafting on the Sibumasu terrane. Our phylogenetic results support the reciprocal monophyly of both families as well as an early division between East and West Gondwana, also in both families, each beginning to diversify between the Permian and the Jurassic. Peripatopsidae clearly supports paraphyly of South Africa with respect to southern South America (Chile) and a sister group relationship of the Southeast Asian/New Guinean Paraperipatus to the Australian/New Zealand taxa. The latter includes a clade that divides between Western Australia and Eastern Australia and two sister clades of trans-Tasman species (one oviparous and one viviparous). This pattern clearly shows that oviparity is secondarily derived in velvet worms. Peripatidae finds a sister group relationship between the Southeast Asian Eoperipatus and the West Gondwanan clade, which divides into the African Mesoperipatus and Neopatida. The latter shows a well supported split between the Pacific Oroperipatus (although it is unclear whether they form one or two clades) and a sister clade that includes the members of the genera Peripatus, Epiperipatus, Macroperipatus and representatives of the monotypic genera Cerradopatus, Plicatoperipatus and Principapillatus. However, Peripatus, Epiperipatus and Macroperipatus are not monophyletic, and all the species from the monotypic genera are related to geographically close species. The same goes for the type species of Macroperipatus (from Trinidad, and sister group to other Trinidad and Tobago species of Epiperipatus) and Epiperipatus (from French Guiana, and related to other Guyana shield species of Epiperipatus and Peripatus). Geographic structure within Neopatida is largely obscured by an unresolved backbone, but many well supported instances of generic non-monophyly challenge the current taxonomic framework, which has often relied on anatomical characters that are untested phylogenetically.

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Brazilian species of Onychophora with notes on their taxonomy and distribution

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

Cryptic Speciation in Brazilian Epiperipatus (Onychophora: Peripatidae) Reveals an Underestimated Diversity among the Peripatid Velvet Worms

Cryptic Speciation in Brazilian Epiperipatus (Onychophora: Peripatidae) Reveals an Underestimated Diversity among the Peripatid Velvet Worms

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The ‘Peripatos' in Eurogondwana? — Lack of evidence that southeast Asian onychophorans walked through Europe

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