The rest of the paper is organised as follows: next is literature review and conceptual framework, followed by the methodology, findings, theoretical underpinnings, discussion and directions for future research, limitations and conclusion. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Commercial and Social Franchising Commercially, franchising is a contractual agreement between two independent entities (franchisor and franchisee) where the franchisor allows the franchisee the right to sell his products or services in return for fees and ongoing royalties (Lafontaine, 1992). The contract may involve products and tradename franchising or business format franchising (Alon, Boulanger, Misati, & Madanoglu, 2015). With tradename franchising, franchisees generally distribute products or services of the franchisor. In business format franchising, they receive the full business model in addition to the brand and training (Alon, et al., 2015). The main theoretical arguments given for franchising are agency and resource scarcity reasons (Tracey & Jarvis, 2007). Other factors include market saturation, search for profit, and intense competition (Alon, 2004; Rosado-Serrano, et al., 2018). Though franchisors and franchisees may engage in corporate social responsibility activities (Calderon-Monge & Huerta-Zavala, 2015), the bottom line is profit maximization (Montagu, 2002). Social franchising is variously defined, but the consensus is on the intention to achieve social benefits (Du Toit, 2017). It is a contractual arrangement that uses the format of commercial franchising to achieve social goals in different locations and countries (Montagu, 2002).