“…Since the start of the pandemic, the Brazilian scientific associations have also produced a myriad of repudiation letters, in addition to many publications in important scientific journals calling attention to the issue (e.g. Andreazzi et al, 2020;de Oliveira et al, 2020;Gonçalves et al, 2020;Ferrante and Fearnside, 2020b;The Lancet, 2020). Our study is the first to quantify the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the weakening of environmental protection in Brazil.…”
Section: Societal Responsementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Brazil holds a substantial part of the world's biodiversity and tropical forests, playing an important role in regional and global climate stability and, therefore, the consequences of a weakening of its environmental protection are likely to cross the country's boundaries (Fernandes et al, 2017). The dismantling of environmental protection in Brazil during the pandemic has the potential to intensify ongoing loss of biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions, and the likelihood of other zoonotic disease outbreaks, and inflict substantial harm to traditional and indigenous peoples (Andreazzi et al, 2020;The Lancet, 2020;Ferrante and Fearnside, 2020a;Gonçalves et al, 2020). Here we review the major actions by the Brazilian federal government to weaken environmental protection during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as trends in deforestation and environmental fine during that period.…”
“…Since the start of the pandemic, the Brazilian scientific associations have also produced a myriad of repudiation letters, in addition to many publications in important scientific journals calling attention to the issue (e.g. Andreazzi et al, 2020;de Oliveira et al, 2020;Gonçalves et al, 2020;Ferrante and Fearnside, 2020b;The Lancet, 2020). Our study is the first to quantify the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the weakening of environmental protection in Brazil.…”
Section: Societal Responsementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Brazil holds a substantial part of the world's biodiversity and tropical forests, playing an important role in regional and global climate stability and, therefore, the consequences of a weakening of its environmental protection are likely to cross the country's boundaries (Fernandes et al, 2017). The dismantling of environmental protection in Brazil during the pandemic has the potential to intensify ongoing loss of biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions, and the likelihood of other zoonotic disease outbreaks, and inflict substantial harm to traditional and indigenous peoples (Andreazzi et al, 2020;The Lancet, 2020;Ferrante and Fearnside, 2020a;Gonçalves et al, 2020). Here we review the major actions by the Brazilian federal government to weaken environmental protection during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as trends in deforestation and environmental fine during that period.…”
“…Understanding the relationship between landscape connectivity and disease spread in tropical regions is particularly relevant not only to promote effective prevention actions but also because tropical areas harbour high diversity and are experiencing rapid land use and land cover dynamics (de Andreazzi et al, 2020).…”
1. Landscape connectivity is important for a wide range of ecological processes, including to disease spread, once it describes the degree to which landscapes facilitate or impede vector and hosts dispersion. Understanding connectivity is extremely important to identify where pathogens can move, and at what speed, allowing the organization of vaccination campaigns or other preventive measures.2. To better understand the effects of landscape connectivity on yellow fever virus (YFV) dispersion in Brazil, we used a network approach and modelled the movement of non-human primates' cases, the so-called epizootic events, over time. The networks consider each epizootic event as a node and the dispersion between nodes as links. Those links were established considering, respectively, the date of each epizootic event, the distance among the nodes and the permeability of the landscape between each pair of nodes.3. Our results demonstrated that on average YFV dispersed 1.42 km/day, with the largest movement being 6.9 km/day. Dispersions were longer in summer (1.2 km/day) than in winter (0.22 km/day). Most dispersal movements occurred up to 1 km/day (71%) and within a week after the arrival of the virus in the source node (73%), except in winter, where dispersions occurred within a period of up to 20 days. The best model indicates that YFV disperses mainly through roads adjacent to forest areas, and along forest edges (within a range of 100 m) in interface with agricultural areas, water and forestry areas. Core areas of urban, agricultural and forest regions were important barriers for virus movement.
“…Many conflicts and violence in this region have been sustained by the dismount of environmental supervision and social policies, elimination of environmental agents and indigenous agencies, negation of climate change, and agreement with persons carrying out illegal activities such as gold mining, land grabbing, and deforestation practices ( Castro et al, 2020 ; Ferrante and Fearnside, 2019 ). Added to this scenario we also have illegal wildlife trade and poaching, activities that can improve the increase parasite sharing and the possibility of spillover, putting millions of people at risk ( de Andreazzi et al, 2020 ). Fig.…”
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