Brazil: Context and Trade Liberalization

Mahrenbach, Laura C.

doi:10.1057/9781137303714_2

Cited by 2 publications

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“…In contrast, if market-based arguments are correct, emerging states should feature economic interests in GG rhetoric. Economic interests are economic actions which, when implemented, generate economic costs and benefits for private actors as a result of government decisions (Mahrenbach, 2013). Three components appear relevant given the scope of the UNSC and the WTO.…”

Section: Competing Perspectives: Power-based Versus Market-based Explmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deconstructing ‘Emerging Powers’ and ‘Emerging Markets’: India and the United States in Global Governance

Mahrenbach

2015

India Quarterly

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Academic literature and the media offer a variety of monikers for emerging states like Brazil, India and China, most prominently, 'emerging powers' and 'emerging markets'. This article argues the terms used to describe these states create assumptions about their behaviour in global governance (GG). In order to accurately assess the impact of emerging states on international institutions, it is necessary to more systematically examine their current participation in GG. Does the use of power and economic interests in GG negotiations distinguish emerging states from traditional powers, as the 'emerging' part of these terms suggests? And can the content of GG negotiations predict the dominance of each factor, as implied by the 'power/market' part? This article tackles these questions by comparing the behaviour of one emerging state (India) and one traditional power (the United States) in negotiations at the World Trade Organisation and the United Nations Security Council. The results demonstrate that, while there is clearly something distinctive about at least India's participation in GG, focussing on power or economic interests alone is insufficient to explain that distinctiveness or its implications for relations between rising and traditional powers in GG.

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Section: Competing Perspectives: Power-based Versus Market-based Explmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deconstructing ‘Emerging Powers’ and ‘Emerging Markets’: India and the United States in Global Governance

Mahrenbach

2015

India Quarterly

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“…In Brazil, the election of Luiz Lula da Silva brought with it a trade policy that looked more toward opportunities outside, rather than within, the region. Mercosur was not disbanded, but Lula focused more on exercising leadership at World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiation rounds and forming new PTAs than he did on dealing with implementation difficulties in Mercosur (Mahrenbach, 2013). 10 Thus, even though the agreement itself remained unchanged, member leaders’ varying preferences had significant consequences for the extent to which governments pursued a course toward liberalization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leadership Turnover and the Durability of International Trade Commitments

Gray

Kucik

2017

Comparative Political Studies

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Under what conditions do states uphold their formal trade commitments? While recent work focuses on the formation and design of trade agreements, we know comparatively little about the durability of agreements over time. We argue that government turnover undermines states’ commitments to liberalization, even if they have already signed an international agreement meant to constrain their behavior. We test this argument using data on realized trade in the presence of around 300 preferential trade agreements (PTAs) since 1970. Even in the presence of an international agreement, ideological turnover is associated with increased political barriers to trade, especially when the shift is toward left-wing leaders. These findings have important implications for our understanding of international cooperation: If new leaders do not adhere to their predecessors’ commitments, international agreements may not have lasting economic consequences.

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Brazil: Context and Trade Liberalization

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Deconstructing ‘Emerging Powers’ and ‘Emerging Markets’: India and the United States in Global Governance

Deconstructing ‘Emerging Powers’ and ‘Emerging Markets’: India and the United States in Global Governance

Leadership Turnover and the Durability of International Trade Commitments

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