Brazil and the politics of climate change: beyond the global commons

Hochstetler, Kathryn; Viola, Eduardo

doi:10.1080/09644016.2012.698884

Cited by 84 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Emerging arrangements both within the formal UNFCCC regime and other uni-and multi-lateral initiatives, as well as developments in international markets contributed to major changes in Brazilian domestic politics on climate change and rearrangements of governmental authority structures or the organizations and rules for participation involved in determining the position [5]. The emphasis on how international factors contributed do not imply that I underestimate the importance of more purely domestic factors, although I highlight some international influences, which I think deserve more attention than what they receive in Hochstetler and Viola's [1,6] interpretations. However, the main difference between this paper and Hochstetler and Viola's [1] contribution is that I detail through what pathways international factors became important in assisting changes in Brazil's position without discounting the role taken by domestic developments.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In the following, I will try to ameliorate some of this shortage by presenting a case study of the dramatic changes in Brazil's position during the period leading up to COP-15 in 2009. This is the clearest departure from the rejection of commitments that traditionally formed the core of the G77 and China position in the climate negotiations [1]. Brazil's positions were, until recently, characterized by a staunch adherence to the traditional non-commitment position of the G77.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a move had been explicitly rejected by the chief negotiator from the Ministry of External Affairs, Everton Vargas, as late as 2008 [3]. The new commitment, which was codified in a law on National Climate Policy in late December 2009, also places Brazil as the most ambitious among the major developing countries when it comes to plans for domestic implementation of proclaimed climate ambitions [1]. Adding to this, there were important changes also when it comes to other aspects of Brazil's position.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since COP-13 at Bali, there has been a surge of national programs aimed at limiting the growth of emissions among developing countries [1]. This is certainly linked to the stronger call for action by developing countries that came out of COP-13, but factors, like new markets for renewable energy, as well as a weakening of the North-South conflict in the wake of strong economic performance by developing countries can also have influence on position development [2].…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Second-Image Reversed and Climate Policy: How International Influences Helped Changing Brazil’s Positions on Climate Change

Kasa

2013

Sustainability

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Abstract:International climate policy over the last 7-8 years has been characterized by the increasing involvement of developing countries. While COP-13 at Bali marked a stronger willingness to participate in mitigation efforts in principle, there are now numerous examples of domestic programs for mitigation by this group of countries. Brazil has gone furthest among developing countries, with a substantial voluntary commitment to reduce its emissions proclaimed in 2009. The dynamics behind the change in Brazil's position are discussed, with a particular eye to the effects of international influences. In conjunction with important domestic changes, a set of interacting influences through a variety of pathways both changed preferences among important interest groups in Brazilian society towards favoring some kind of commitments and helped to change the structure of government forums and decision-making rules in a way that empowered reform-minded ministries. It is argued that this perspective, drawn from Peter Gourevitch's idea of the -second image reversed‖, is increasingly relevant for understanding the influence of the broad -regime complex‖ on climate change on politics in developing countries.

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Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Second-Image Reversed and Climate Policy: How International Influences Helped Changing Brazil’s Positions on Climate Change

Kasa

2013

Sustainability

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“…At the same time, more conservative sectors of the government such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs openly opposed carbon markets with credits from REDD+ because it would allow developed countries to maintain their high emission levels. In private conversations, some diplomats and scientists representing Brazil in the climate negotiations also recognised that REDD+ may be problematic, since the creation of legal obligations for Brazil regarding conservation of the Amazon would represent a threat to its sovereignty [66,67]. These concerns were also made public during the initial stages of the creation of international fund for the Amazon that later became the Amazon Fund.…”

Section: Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Operation or Co-Optation? NGOs’ Roles in Norway’s International Climate and Forest Initiative

Hermansen

McNeill

Kasa

et al. 2017

Forests

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This paper investigates non-governmental organisation (NGO) involvement in policy processes related to Norway's International Climate and Forest Initiative (NICFI) comparing four countries: Norway, Brazil, Indonesia, and Tanzania. Based on documents and interviews, NGO involvement is mapped using a conceptual framework to categorise and compare different roles and modes of engagement. NGOs have co-operated with government in policy design and implementation, albeit to varying degrees, in all four countries, but expressed relatively little public criticism. Funding seems to have an influence on NGOs' choices regarding whether, what, when, and how to criticise. However, limited public criticism does not necessarily mean that the NGOs are co-opted. They are reflexive regarding their possible operating space, and act strategically and pragmatically to pursue their goals in an entrepreneurial manner. The interests of NGOs and NICFI are to a large extent congruent. Instead of publicly criticising a global initiative that they largely support, and thus put the initiative as a whole at risk, NGOs may use other, more informal, channels to voice points of disagreement. While NGOs do indeed run the risk of being co-opted, their opportunity to resist this fate is probably greater in this instance than is usually the case because NICFI are so reliant on their services.

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Low‐carbon development pathways in Brazil and ‘Climate Clubs’

Rovere

2016

WIREs Climate Change

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Brazil occupies a unique position among the major greenhouse gas (GHG) emitting countries due to its low per‐capita energy‐related GHG emissions (2.4 tons CO2 in 2014), attributable to abundant clean energy sources. Recently, deforestation in Brazil has slowed considerably, to the point where forestry has ceased to be the major source of emissions. Brazil has reduced its overall GHG emissions by 41% from 2005 to 2012, and its total GHG emissions per capita decreased from a high in 2004 of 14.4 tCO2e to an estimated 6.5 tCO2e in 2012. Brazil faces the challenge of building upon its historically low energy‐related GHG emission levels through new decarbonization strategies, while pursuing higher living standards for its population. There is a huge potential to further reduce national GHG emissions through the implementation of a wide spectrum of mitigation measures. While several observers from the scientific community have a different view, Brazilian government considers that the country has been playing both a pioneer and a leader role in ambitious climate action, including the submission of a quite ambitious intended nationally determined contribution, and a constructive role played in COP21, joining the High Ambition club at the end of the negotiations. Several motivations exist for Brazil joining other ‘climate clubs’ focusing on innovative financial mechanisms and sustainable energy and forestry technologies. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e439. doi: 10.1002/wcc.439 This article is categorized under: The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Policies, Instruments, Lifestyles, Behavior Policy and Governance > International Policy Framework

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Brazil and the politics of climate change: beyond the global commons

Cited by 84 publications

References 19 publications

The Second-Image Reversed and Climate Policy: How International Influences Helped Changing Brazil’s Positions on Climate Change

The Second-Image Reversed and Climate Policy: How International Influences Helped Changing Brazil’s Positions on Climate Change

Co-Operation or Co-Optation? NGOs’ Roles in Norway’s International Climate and Forest Initiative

Low‐carbon development pathways in Brazil and ‘Climate Clubs’

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