Brassinosteroid Mediated Cell Wall Remodeling in Grasses under Abiotic Stress

Rao, Xiaolan; Dixon, Richard A.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00806

Cited by 63 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The wide leaf angle phenotype of osbhlh079-D resembles that of mutants with elevated BR accumulation or enhanced BR signaling [11,14,15,[61][62][63]. Moreover, the transcript levels of several XTHs and expansin genes, which are upregulated in osbhlh079-D (Figure 5c), are significantly increased by BR treatment in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, soybean (Glycine max), maize (Zea mays), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) [59,[64][65][66][67][68][69][70]. Therefore, we speculated that the increased leaf angle of osbhlh079-D is caused by either elevated endogenous BR accumulation or enhanced BR signaling.…”

Section: Osbhlh079 Regulates the Expression Of Br Signaling-related Gmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Rice Basic Helix–Loop–Helix 79 (OsbHLH079) Determines Leaf Angle and Grain Shape

Seo

Kim

Lee

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Changes in plant architecture, such as leaf size, leaf shape, leaf angle, plant height, and floral organs, have been major factors in improving the yield of cereal crops. Moreover, changes in grain size and weight can also increase yield. Therefore, screens for additional factors affecting plant architecture and grain morphology may enable additional improvements in yield. Among the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factors in rice (Oryza sativa), we found an enhancer-trap T-DNA insertion mutant of OsbHLH079 (termed osbhlh079-D). The osbhlh079-D mutant showed a wide leaf angle phenotype and produced long grains, similar to the phenotypes of mutants with increased brassinosteroid (BR) levels or enhanced BR signaling. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis showed that BR signaling-associated genes are largely upregulated in osbhlh079-D, but BR biosynthesis-associated genes are not upregulated, compared with its parental japonica cultivar 'Dongjin'. Consistent with this, osbhlh079-D was hypersensitive to BR treatment. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the expansion of cell size in the adaxial side of the lamina joint was responsible for the increase in leaf angle in osbhlh079-D. The expression of cell-elongation-associated genes encoding expansins and xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases increased in the lamina joints of leaves in osbhlh079-D. The regulatory function of OsbHLH079 was further confirmed by analyzing 35S::OsbHLH079 overexpression and 35S::RNAi-OsbHLH079 gene silencing lines. The 35S::OsbHLH079 plants showed similar phenotypes to osbhlh079-D, and the 35S::RNAi-OsbHLH079 plants displayed opposite phenotypes to osbhlh079-D. Taking these observations together, we propose that OsbHLH079 functions as a positive regulator of BR signaling in rice.

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Section: Osbhlh079 Regulates the Expression Of Br Signaling-related Gmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Rice Basic Helix–Loop–Helix 79 (OsbHLH079) Determines Leaf Angle and Grain Shape

Seo

Kim

Lee

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…In response, plants use multiple strategies to counterbalance drought stress via morphological and physiological changes, acting through diverse signaling cascades that lead to osmotic adjustments. Cellulose microfibrils, which are composed of ß-1,4-glucan chains, are major contributors in plant biomass formation, and their biosynthesis and accumulation is critical in order to induce plant defense against climatic fluctuations [157]. As reported in Arabidopsis, brassinosteroids signaling activates the BES1 (BRI1-EMS-Suppressor-1) transcription factor, which binds to the promoter of CesA, induces its upregulation, and, in this way, triggers cellulose accumulation [158].…”

Section: Cell Wall Remodeling Under Drought Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Cell Walls Tackling Climate Change: Biotechnological Strategies to Improve Crop Adaptations and Photosynthesis in Response to Global Warming

Ezquer

Salameh

Colombo

et al. 2020

Plants

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Plant cell wall (CW) is a complex and intricate structure that performs several functions throughout the plant life cycle. The CW of plants is critical to the maintenance of cells' structural integrity by resisting internal hydrostatic pressures, providing flexibility to support cell division and expansion during tissue differentiation, and acting as an environmental barrier that protects the cells in response to abiotic stress. Plant CW, comprised primarily of polysaccharides, represents the largest sink for photosynthetically fixed carbon, both in plants and in the biosphere. The CW structure is highly varied, not only between plant species but also among different organs, tissues, and cell types in the same organism. During the developmental processes, the main CW components, i.e., cellulose, pectins, hemicelluloses, and different types of CW-glycoproteins, interact constantly with each other and with the environment to maintain cell homeostasis. Differentiation processes are altered by positional effect and are also tightly linked to environmental changes, affecting CW both at the molecular and biochemical levels. The negative effect of climate change on the environment is multifaceted, from high temperatures, altered concentrations of greenhouse gases such as increasing CO 2 in the atmosphere, soil salinity, and drought, to increasing frequency of extreme weather events taking place concomitantly, therefore, climate change affects crop productivity in multiple ways. Rising CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere is expected to increase photosynthetic rates, especially at high temperatures and under water-limited conditions. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge regarding the effects of climate change on CW biogenesis and modification. We discuss specific cases in crops of interest carrying cell wall modifications that enhance tolerance to climate change-related stresses; from cereals such as rice, wheat, barley, or maize to dicots of interest such as brassica oilseed, cotton, soybean, tomato, or potato. This information could be used for the rational design of genetic engineering traits that aim to increase the stress tolerance in key crops. Future growing conditions expose plants to variable and extreme climate change factors, which negatively impact global agriculture, and therefore further research in this area is critical.

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“…Alternately, secondary cell walls contain dense structures mostly of cellulose-hemicellulose and lignin. These polysaccharide components determine stability, flexibility, and permeability; in the context of BRs in cold stress, evidence suggests BR signaling pathways to be involved with cell wall remodeling mechanisms responsible for altering these features (Rao and Dixon, 2017). In maize, wheat, and rice, for instance, the expression of many xyloglucan transferase/hydrolase enzymes (XTHs) and expansin genes was reported to be regulated by BRs (Uozu et al, 2000).…”

Section: Physical and Structural Changes During Cold Stress: The Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modes of Brassinosteroid Activity in Cold Stress Tolerance

Ramirez

Poppenberger

2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Cold stress is a significant environmental factor that negatively affects plant growth and development in particular when it occurs during the growth phase. Plants have evolved means to protect themselves from damage caused by chilling or freezing temperatures and some plant species, in particular those from temperate geographical zones, can increase their basal level of freezing tolerance in a process termed cold acclimation. Cold acclimation improves plant survival, but also represses growth, since it inhibits activity of the growth-promoting hormones gibberellins (GAs). In addition to GAs, the steroid hormones brassinosteroids (BRs) also take part in growth promotion and cold stress signaling; however, in contrast to Gas, BRs can improve cold stress tolerance with fewer trade-offs in terms of growth and yields. Here we summarize our current understanding of the roles of BRs in cold stress responses with a focus on freezing tolerance and cold acclimation pathways.

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Brassinosteroid Mediated Cell Wall Remodeling in Grasses under Abiotic Stress

Cited by 63 publications

References 81 publications

The Rice Basic Helix–Loop–Helix 79 (OsbHLH079) Determines Leaf Angle and Grain Shape

The Rice Basic Helix–Loop–Helix 79 (OsbHLH079) Determines Leaf Angle and Grain Shape

Plant Cell Walls Tackling Climate Change: Biotechnological Strategies to Improve Crop Adaptations and Photosynthesis in Response to Global Warming

Modes of Brassinosteroid Activity in Cold Stress Tolerance

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