Brassicas: Breeding Cole Crops for Organic Agriculture

Myers, James R.; McKenzie, Laurie; Voorrips, Roeland E.

doi:10.1002/9781119945932.ch16

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Growing conditions on organic farms also can be vastly different than those found on high-input, conventional farms and breeding stations (Drinkwater et al, 1995;Bengtsson et al, 2005). Organic on-farm PPB projects are becoming increasingly common, such as durum and bread wheat projects in France (Chiffoleau and Desclaux, 2006;Dawson et al, 2011), vegetable breeding projects in the Northeastern United States (Mazourek et al, 2009;Mendum and Glenna, 2010), and a broccoli breeding project in Oregon (Myers et al, 2012), to name just a few. In addition, the majority of these organic PPB projects involve breeders from the public sector.…”

Section: Participatory Plant Breeding and Organic Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Participatory plant breeding and organic agriculture: A synergistic model for organic variety development in the United States

Shelton

Tracy

2016

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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Organic farmers require improved varieties that have been adapted to their unique soils, nutrient inputs, management practices, and pest pressures. One way to develop adapted varieties is to situate breeding programs in the environment of intended use, such as directly on organic farms, and in collaboration with organic farmers. This model is a form of participatory plant breeding, and was originally created in order to meet the needs of under-served, small-scale farmers in developing countries. A robust body of literature supports the quantitative genetic selection theory of participatory plant breeding, and helps to explain its increasing prevalence among organic breeding projects in the United States. The history of the organic farming movement in the United States highlights the cultural relevance of engaging organic farmers in the breeding process, complementing the biological rationale for participatory plant breeding. In addition, limited private investment in organic plant breeding encourages the involvement of plant breeders at public institutions. This paper synthesizes the biological, cultural, and economic justifications for utilizing participatory plant breeding as an appropriate methodology for organic cultivar development.

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Section: Participatory Plant Breeding and Organic Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Participatory plant breeding and organic agriculture: A synergistic model for organic variety development in the United States

Shelton

Tracy

2016

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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“…One strategy that has been used to breed varieties adapted to organic farming systems is participatory plant breeding (PPB) [11][12][13][14]. With this methodology, breeders and farmers work collaboratively throughout the breeding process, often making selections and evaluating progeny on organic farms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic PPB projects, while initially focusing on grain crops, have also increasingly explored the feasibility of improving OP vegetable crops [12,14,27]. However, no examples are cited in the scientific literature quantifying the actual gains made during cycle selections of an organic vegetable crop using a PPB methodology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent Selection and Participatory Plant Breeding for Improvement of Two Organic Open-Pollinated Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.) Populations

Shelton

Tracy

2015

Sustainability

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Organic growers face unique challenges when raising sweet corn, and benefit from varieties that maintain high eating quality, germinate consistently, deter insect pests, and resist diseases. Genotype by environment rank changes can occur in the performance of cultivars grown on conventional and organic farms, yet few varieties have been bred specifically for organic systems. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the changes made to open-pollinated sweet corn populations using recurrent selection and a participatory plant breeding (PPB) methodology. From 2008 to 2011, four cycles of two open-pollinated (OP) sweet corn populations were selected on a certified organic farm in Minnesota using a modified ear-to-row recurrent selection scheme. Selections were made in collaboration with an organic farmer, with selection criteria based on traits identified by the farmer. In 2012 and 2013, the population cycles were evaluated in a randomized complete block design in two certified organic locations in Wisconsin, with multiple replications in each environment. Significant linear trends were found among cycles of selection for quantitative and qualitative traits, suggesting the changes were due to recurrent selection and PPB methodology for these populations. However, further improvement is necessary to satisfy the requirements for a useful cultivar for organic growers.

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“…Broccoli producers in the United States need cultivars that exhibit heat tolerance, head stability, and uniform maturation in the field, while others are seeking extended harvest from side‐shoot development (Heather et al, 1992; Farnham and Bjorkman, 2011a, 2011b; Myers et al, 2012). Some desired traits in organic management are shared with conventional producers, such as drought tolerance, insect and disease resistance, and high yield.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other cultivar characteristics that are more important to organic producers include vigorous early growth, waxy leaves, ability to perform in soils with potentially low or fluctuating nutrient mineralization rates, and the ability to compete with weeds (Lammerts van Bueren et al, 2002, 2012; Lammerts van Bueren and Myers, 2012). This is particularly important in broccoli due to its relatively high N requirement and shallow fine root system, which limits its ability to take up water and nutrients (Pasakdee et al, 2006; Myers et al, 2012). Most studies investigating traits needed for organic farming systems have focused on field crops such as cereals (e.g., Murphy et al, 2007; Löschenberger et al, 2008; Przystalski et al, 2008; Wolfe et al, 2008; Annicchiarico et al, 2010; Reid et al, 2009, 2011; Kirk et al, 2012; Koutis et al, 2012), with few conducted on vegetable crops (Osman et al, 2008; Lammerts van Bueren et al, 2012; Myers et al, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Broccoli Cultivar Performance under Organic and Conventional Management Systems and Implications for Crop Improvement

et al. 2014

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To determine if present commercial broccoli cultivars meet the diverse needs of organic management systems, such as adaptation to low N input, mechanical weed management, and no chemical pesticide use, and to propose the selection environments for crop improvement for organic production, we compared horticultural trait performance of 23 broccoli cultivars (G) under two management (M) systems (organic and conventional) in two regions of the United States (Oregon and Maine), including spring and fall trials. In our trials, location and season had the largest effect on broccoli head weight, with Oregon outperforming Maine, and fall trials outperforming spring plantings. M main effects and G × M interactions were often small, but G × M × E (location and season) were large. Cultivars with both greater head weight and stability under conventional conditions generally had high head weight and stability under organic growing conditions, although there were exceptions in cultivar rank between management systems. Larger genotypic variances and somewhat increased error variances observed in organic compared with conventional management systems led to repeatability for head weight and other horticultural traits that were similar or even higher in organic compared with conventional conditions. The ratio of correlated response (predicting performance under organic conditions when evaluated in conventional conditions) to direct response (predicted performance in organic when evaluated under organic conditions) for all traits was close to but less than 1.0 with the exception of bead uniformity. This would imply that in most cases, direct selection in an organic environment could result in a more rapid genetic gain than indirect selection in a conventional environment.

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Brassicas: Breeding Cole Crops for Organic Agriculture

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Participatory plant breeding and organic agriculture: A synergistic model for organic variety development in the United States

Participatory plant breeding and organic agriculture: A synergistic model for organic variety development in the United States

Recurrent Selection and Participatory Plant Breeding for Improvement of Two Organic Open-Pollinated Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.) Populations

Broccoli Cultivar Performance under Organic and Conventional Management Systems and Implications for Crop Improvement

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