Brassica carinata as an off-season crop in the southeastern USA: Determining optimum sowing dates based on climate risks and potential effects on summer crop yield

Júnior, Rogério de Souza Nóia; Fraisse, Clyde W.; Bashyal, Mahesh; Mulvaney, Michael J.; Seepaul, Ramdeo; Karrei, Mauricio Alex Zientarski; Iboyi, Joseph E.; Perondi, Daniel; Cerbaro, Vinícius Andrei; Boote, Kenneth J.

doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103344

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…These results show a stronger dependence on the physiology or metabolism of the shoot and root traits under stress conditions ( Viana et al, 2022 ). Poor or weaker root growth and development during early crop establishment limit canopy growth and resource use efficiency at later crop stages ( Moghimi et al, 2019 ; Nóia Júnior et al, 2022 ). In general, greater biomass allocation was recorded toward leaf (68, 63, and 63%) and stem (23, 29, and 29%) then to root (9, 8, and 7%) across (low, optimum, and high temperatures, respectively) treatments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This crop has a long growing season of 180 days ( Alvarado and Bradford, 2002 ). The yields of Brassica species are highly dependent on environmental conditions during their growth and developmental stages ( Nóia Júnior et al, 2022 ). Carinata can be double-cropped as a winter cover crop in subtropical regions ( Kumar et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carinata is a relatively new winter oilseed crop in the southeastern United States ( Christ et al, 2020 ), where studies are currently ongoing to identify lines best suited for commercial production ( Kumar et al, 2020 ) and understand how this crop would fit the local cropping systems in the United States ( Mulvaney et al, 2019 ; Seepaul et al, 2021 ; Nóia Júnior et al, 2022 ). To support the adoption and commercialization of carinata production in the southeastern United States, a consortium known as the Southeastern Partnership for Advanced Renewables from Carinata (SPARC), led by the University of Florida (UF), is focused on removing physical, environmental, economic, and social constraints to its adoption and production, and reduce risks along the supply chain ( George et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carinata has been cultivated commercially as a summer crop in the Canadian prairie and the northern plains of the United States and as a winter crop in the Southeastern United States ( Seepaul et al, 2021 ). Currently, there is an opportunity for row crop growers in the Southeastern United States to invest in the cultivation of carinata to diversify their existing systems and profitability ( Christ et al, 2020 ; Nóia Júnior et al, 2022 ). Since the carinata crop is planted in late fall in the United States, variations in late fall (low temperature) or late summer and early spring (high temperature) temperatures can affect growth and developmental events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low- and High-Temperature Phenotypic Diversity of Brassica carinata Genotypes for Early-Season Growth and Development

et al. 2022

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Temperature is a major abiotic stress factor limiting plant growth and development during the early developmental stage. Information on carinata (Brassica carinata A. Braun) traits response to low and high temperatures is necessary for breeding or selecting genotypes suited for specific ecoregions, which is limited. In the present study, 12 carinata genotypes were evaluated under low (17/09°C), optimum (22/14°C), and high (27/19°C) day/night temperatures at the early developmental stage. This study quantified temperature effects on several physiological and morphological characteristics of 12-advanced carinata lines. High-temperature plants decreased (15%) the accumulation of flavonoids and increased the nitrogen balance index by 25%. Low-temperature treatment significantly inhibited the aboveground (plant height, leaf area, number, and shoot weight) and root (length, surface area, and weight) traits. Across all genotypes, the shoot weight decreased by 55% and the root weight by 49% under low temperature. On the other hand, the maximum proportion of biomass was partitioned to roots under low temperature than at the high temperature. A poor relationship (r2 = 0.09) was found between low- and high-temperature indices, indicating differences in trait responses and tolerance mechanisms. AX17004 and AX17009 with higher root to shoot ratios might be suitable for late planting windows or regions with low-temperature spells. The two genotypes (AX17015 and AX17005) accumulated higher biomass under low- and high-temperature treatments can be used for planting in later summer or early winter. The identified low- and high-temperature stress-tolerant carinata genotypes could be a valuable resource for increasing stress tolerance during the early developmental stage.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low- and High-Temperature Phenotypic Diversity of Brassica carinata Genotypes for Early-Season Growth and Development

et al. 2022

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“…Because cold weather and snow cover are limitations for plant growth, the variability in winter weather provides a much more heterogeneous landscape of growth conditions for crop and weed growth across geographic regions. It is important to remember that the slow growth of the crop during winter months, indicated by the lengthened CPWC, has an increased risk of mortality and stand loss (Begna and Angadi 2016;Noia-Junior et al 2022;Seepaul et al 2020). Delayed planting for the sake of weed emergence avoidance should not be undertaken at the risk of optimal growing conditions for the crop.…”

Section: Challenges Of Cpwc In Winter Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using weed emergence and phenology models to determine critical control windows for winter-grown carinata (Brassica carinata)

Piskackova

León

2022

Weed Sci

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Adoption of the new biofuel crop carinata (Brassica carinata A. Braun) in the southeastern United States will largely hinge on sound agronomic recommendations that can be economically incorporated into and are compatible with existing rotations. Timing of weed control is crucial for yield protection and long term weed seed bank management, but predictive weed emergence models have not been as widely studied in winter crops for this purpose. In this work, we use observed and predicted emergence of a winter annual weed community to create recommendations for timing weed control according to weed and crop phenology progression. Observed emergence timings for four winter annual weed species in North Carolina were used to validate previously published models developed for winter annual weeds in Florida by accounting for temperature and daylength differences, and this approach explained over 70% of the variability in observed emergence. Emergence of stinking chamomile (Anthemis cotula L.) and cutleaf evening primrose (Oenothera laciniata Hill.) followed biphasic patterns comparable to wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), which were predicted with previously published models accounting for 82 and 84% of the variation, respectively. Using the predictive models for weed emergence and carinata growth, critical control windows (CCW) were estimated for Clayton, NC and Jay, FL, according to different planting dates. The results demonstrated how early planting coincided with the emergence of three competitive winter weeds, but early control could also remove a large proportion of the predicted emergence of these species. The framework for how planting timing will affect winter weed emergence and crop growth will be an instructive decision-making tool to help prepare farmers to manage weeds in carinata, but it could also be useful for weed management planning for other winter crops.

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Cover cropping history affects cotton boll distribution, lint yields, and fiber quality

Billman¹,

Campbell²

2023

Crop Science

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There has been limited introduction of new cover crop species into cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production within the last 30 years. Mounting evidence shows that traditional cover cropping species may be detrimental to cotton production, either by depleting soil fertility with crop removal, immobilizing minerals from high carbon residue, or excessive quantity of residue remaining at planting. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of growing a novel cover crop species, carinata (Brassica carinata A. Braun), as a winter annual cover crop for cotton rotation in the southeastern Coastal Plain. Over a 2‐year period, carinata, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and fallow covers were maintained over winter months, then rotated into cotton. Each year, seedcotton and lint yields were collected, along with subsamples for ginning and subsequent fiber quality analyses. Additionally, end‐of‐season plant mapping was conducted on plants from 1 m of row per plot to determine cover crop effects on boll formation, retention, and distribution, as well as canopy architecture. Results indicated that seedcotton and lint yield of cotton following carinata was greater than cotton following winter wheat, and lint yields of cotton following wheat were lower than cotton after fallow. Fiber quality was largely unaffected by preceding cover crop. End‐of‐season plant mapping indicated that cotton grown after carinata had more position 2 bolls, which correlated to greater lint yields. These results indicate that carinata can potentially serve as a new, more effective cover crop than winter wheat for cotton rotations in Coastal Plain soils.

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Brassica carinata as an off-season crop in the southeastern USA: Determining optimum sowing dates based on climate risks and potential effects on summer crop yield

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Low- and High-Temperature Phenotypic Diversity of Brassica carinata Genotypes for Early-Season Growth and Development

Low- and High-Temperature Phenotypic Diversity of Brassica carinata Genotypes for Early-Season Growth and Development

Using weed emergence and phenology models to determine critical control windows for winter-grown carinata (Brassica carinata)

Cover cropping history affects cotton boll distribution, lint yields, and fiber quality

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