Branhamella catarrhalis Respiratory Infections

Hager, Hans L.; Verghese, Abraham; Álvarez, Salvador; Berk, Steven L.

doi:10.1093/clinids/9.6.1140

Cited by 152 publications

(105 citation statements)

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“…(i) By using strict criteria to evaluate the quality of sputum samples, a subset of patients with exacerbations of COPD have sputum smears which show a predominance of gram-negative diplococci on Gram strain and virtually pure cultures of B. catarrhalis (32,119,128,158,179). (ii) Pure cultures of B. catarrhalis have been obtained in transtracheal aspirates from patients experiencing exacerbations of COPD and pneumonia (7,47,80,130,184). (iii) Clinical improvement is seen in patients with B. catarrhalis infections following the administration of specific antibiotic therapy.…”

Section: Lower Respiratory Tract Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lower respiratory tract infection

Sharland¹

2016

OSH Manual of Childhood Infections

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Section: Lower Respiratory Tract Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Gram-stained sputum sample which shows a predominance of gram-negative diplococci is highly predictive for the presence of B. catarrhalis (80,128,170,175,185). Indeed, this is the single most useful diagnostic test in establishing B. catarrhalis lower respiratory tract infection.…”

Section: Lower Respiratory Tract Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower respiratory tract infection

Sharland¹

2016

OSH Manual of Childhood Infections

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Section: Accepted For Publication 22 February 1992mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the early 1980s, B. catarrhalis began to be recognized as an increasingly important pathogen when it was cultured from aspirates from infected sinuses [1] and from the middle ear in children with otitis media [2]. Its association with bronchopulmonary infections in older patients with underlying pulmonary disease has been particulary well noted [3,4].At Qatif Central Hospital in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia, there has been a marked increase in the isolation of B. catarrhalis from the sputum of patients with symptoms of bronchopulmonary infection.In this report, the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of B. catarrhalis in respiratory infection is described. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report from Saudi Arabia about this potential pathogen.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bronchopulmonary Infection due to Moraxella (Branhamella) Catarrhalis at Qatif Central Hospital

et al. 1992

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Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis is now recognized as an important cause of respiratory tract infections. Over a two year period, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis was isolated in pure culture from 3.4% of the sputums collected from patients with symptoms of acute respiratory tract infections. It was the third most important pathogen isolated after Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae; 77% of the patients had an underlying chronic pulmonary condition. Prevalence, antibiotic sensitivity, and treatment options, will be discussed. It has generally been regarded as an oropharyngeal commensal. In the early 1980s, B. catarrhalis began to be recognized as an increasingly important pathogen when it was cultured from aspirates from infected sinuses [1] and from the middle ear in children with otitis media [2]. Its association with bronchopulmonary infections in older patients with underlying pulmonary disease has been particulary well noted [3,4].At Qatif Central Hospital in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia, there has been a marked increase in the isolation of B. catarrhalis from the sputum of patients with symptoms of bronchopulmonary infection.In this report, the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of B. catarrhalis in respiratory infection is described. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report from Saudi Arabia about this potential pathogen. MethodsOur study is based on sputum cultures obtained at Qatif Central Hospital between January 1989 and December 1990; cultures positive for B. catarrhalis were identified.All sputa were screened for acceptability using published cellular criteria [5,6]. A purulent part of each sputum specimen received was examined with gram film inoculated on blood agar and heated blood plates.The plates were incubated in 7% carbon dioxide for 18 hours. Only moderate or profuse growth in the primary plate was reported. Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis was identified by the presence of extraleucocytes and intraleucocytes gram negative diplococci in the gram film, by colonial and morphological appearance and by positive oxidase and catalase reactions. The identification was confirmed with the rapid carbohydrate utilization test [7].All strains were tested for deoxyribonuclease activity [8]. Tests for sensitivity to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin-clavulanate, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, erythromycin, cefuroxime, ceftrizoxime, and ceftriaxone were performed using the Stokes disc diffusion method [9].A retrospective study of the case notes and radiology reports was made for all patients who yielded a pure culture of B. catarrhalis in the sputum. Mixed infections in which organisms such as Strept. pneumoniae or H. influenzae were isolated along side B. catarrhalis were excluded from this study.

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“…In recent studies, it is the third most common bacterial pathogen isolated from the middle ear fluid of children with otitis media (2, 7). There has been a steady increase in the rate of isolation of M. catarrhalis from the sputum of adults with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (9,15,18,19).…”

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confidence: 99%

Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis

1994

JJPP

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Outer membrane protein (OMP) CopB, an iron-repressible 81-kDa major OMP of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis has been a major focus of investigation. To assess CopB as a potential vaccine antigen, we elucidated the degree of antigenic and sequence heterogeneity in this protein among strains of M. catarrhalis. Two monoclonal antibodies, 1F5 and 2.9F, which bind to surface-exposed epitopes on CopB recognized 60 and 70% of the strains, respectively. The degree of sequence heterogeneity in CopB was assessed by cloning and sequencing the CopB gene from two different strains of M. catarrhalis and comparing with the published sequence. There was 92 to 96% homology between the sequences at the nucleotide level and 90 to 95% homology at the amino acid level. The variability in the protein sequence is confined mainly to three moderately variable regions. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the CopB genes obtained from 20 diverse strains by PCR was performed. Ninety percent of the potential restriction sites in the constant regions and 47% of the potential restriction sites in the variable regions were present in the 20 strains, indicating that the pattern of variable and constant areas in the CopB gene is a general pattern among strains of M. catarrhalis. We conclude that the CopB gene is largely conserved among strains of M. catarrhalis and contains discrete regions which show moderate heterogeneity among strains.Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis has emerged as an important human pathogen over the last two decades. In recent studies, it is the third most common bacterial pathogen isolated from the middle ear fluid of children with otitis media (2, 7). There has been a steady increase in the rate of isolation of M. catarrhalis from the sputum of adults with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (9,15,18,19).The basic characteristics of the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of M. catarrhalis have been well described. The major OMPs of M. catarrhalis are 98 to 20 kDa in size and have been named A to H (3, 16). In addition, a high-molecular-weight OMP of 300 to 700 kDa has been identified (12,14).CopB, an 81-kDa major OMP, has been a major focus of investigation (1,10,11). This protein is identical to OMP B2 (16, 21). The gene encoding this OMP has been cloned and sequenced from one strain (10). Though its precise function is not known, CopB is iron repressible and is involved in iron uptake by M. catarrhalis from lactoferrin and transferrin (1, 5).Several lines of evidence suggest that CopB is a potential vaccine antigen. In a murine model, a monoclonal antibody directed towards this OMP enhances clearance of M. catarrhalis from the lung (10). An isogenic mutant which does not express CopB has diminished ability to survive in the same murine pulmonary clearance model (11). This isogenic mutant also has diminished serum resistance to normal human sera in comparison to the wild type strain (11). To further assess CopB as a potential vaccine antigen, it will be important to know ...

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Branhamella catarrhalis Respiratory Infections

Cited by 152 publications

References 47 publications

Lower respiratory tract infection

Lower respiratory tract infection

Bronchopulmonary Infection due to Moraxella (Branhamella) Catarrhalis at Qatif Central Hospital

Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis

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