“…sentencing guidelines (see, e.g., Stemen & Rengifo, 2011), while others use structured sentencing to refer to several policies, including sentencing guidelines, mandatory sentencing laws, and the abolition of discretionary parole release (see, e.g., Bureau of Justice Assistance, 1998;Spohn, 2009). In contrast, some authors use the term determinate sentencing to refer to sentencing guidelines and mandatory sentencing laws (see, e.g., Kautt & Delone, 2006;Schlesinger, 2011), while others have reserved the term determinate sentencing to refer exclusively to the abolition of discretionary parole release (see, e.g., Reitz, 2010;Stemen & Rengifo, 2011). Pfaff (2005), on the other hand, defines determinate sentencing as the creation of "specific sentences or ranges of sentences that judges are required to impose" and treats it as distinct from the abolition of discretionary parole release and sentencing guidelines.…”