Brand new P-doped g-C₃N₄: enhanced photocatalytic activity for H₂ evolution and Rhodamine B degradation under visible light

Abstract

P-doped g-C3N4 has been successfully synthesized using hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, a low cost and environmentally benign compound, as phosphorus source, and guanidiniumhydrochloride as g-C3N4 precursor, via a thermally induced copolymerization route.

Phosphorylation of g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction

“…The exfoliation and mesoporous structure formation results in the degree of crystallinity decline. So, the decrease of XRD peaks intensity implied that bulk g-C 3 N 4 had been exfoliated with mesoporous structure formation via phosphorylation [26,32]. It was consistent with the observations from the TEM images and BET data in Fig.…”

“…It implied that phosphorylation was unable to change the VB position of g-C 3 N 4 . In addition, since P doping would change the VB position of g-C 3 N 4 [26,27], it also imply that the PO 4 3À groups were jointed with g-C 3 N 4 interactively rather than P doping. UV-vis DRS spectra showed that the absorption band edge of MPCN (441 nm) was smaller than that of BCN (465 nm).…”

“…PO 4 3À was known to be adsorbed on the surfaces of TiO 2 by surface hydroxyl groups, greatly influencing the interfacial and surface chemistry of TiO 2 for photocatalytic application [24]. P-doped photocatalysts showed enhanced photocatalytic activity for water purification [25][26][27]. Meanwhile, PO 4 3À /HPO 4 2À was used as an additional reagent to improve the photocatalytic H 2 production for TiO 2 and g-C 3 N 4 photosynthesis system [28].…”

Enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance of porous graphitic carbon nitride

“…As a result, many efforts have been devoted to modify synthetic procedures toward g-C 3 N 4 to gain an efficient photocatalytic system, such as doping with metal oxides or nonmetal elements [9][10][11][12][13], construction of porous or hierarchical nanostructures [14][15][16], and combining other semiconductors with suitable band structures [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Among strategies mentioned above, the fabrication of porous g-C 3 N 4 from the precursor of prononated melamine is quite promising and possible to achieve satisfactory catalytic efficiency.…”

Synthesis of nanoporous carbon nitride using calcium carbonate as templates with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

“…Therefore, many strategies have been taken to modify g-C 3 N 4 such as doping metal-nometal ions [12][13][14][15], combining with other semiconductors [18][19][20][21][22], constructing g-C 3 N 4 -based Z-scheme [23][24][25][26], fabricating the π conjugated structure to reduce the position of the valence band [25,26], and designing an appropriate textural porosity [29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. The fabrication of porous g-C 3 N 4 with high surface area and tunable pore diameter is particular interest because a larger surface area of photocatalyst can be favorable for the photoactivity by providing more contact chances between the photocatalysts and substances.…”