Branching of nursery apples and plums using various branching inducing methods

Laňar, L.; Mészáros, Martin; Kyselová, Klára; Náměstek, J.; Sus, Josef; Bělíková, Hana; Čonka, Patrik

doi:10.5513/jcea01/21.1.2459

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Treatments did not affect the final trunk diameter. As expected, and observed by other authors, 6-BA alone or in combination with GA 4+7 increases the number of feathers per grafted young plants in different apple cultivars (RUFATO et al, 2019;LAŇAR et al, 2020;KUMAWAT et al, 2020). This effect on feathers formation might be due the effect of 6-BA on the flow of auxins and temporarily impedes the main trunk growth (SAZO; ROBINSON, 2011), which helps to overcome apical dominance and create favorable environment of feather formation (KUMAWAT et al, 2020).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Uruguay is located in a warm region similar to southern Brazil (not a typical temperate climate), which makes the main axis of nurse apple trees grow vigorously and release few or no lateral branches (RUFATO et al, 2019). Feathering in apple nursery trees is a critical operation used to increase the quality of planting material and its potential to bring higher and earlier yields in the first years after planting (SADOWSKI et al, 2007;LAŇAR et al, 2020). High quality apple nursery trees should have dominant straight central leader with sufficient feathers which are induced at desirable height and distributed along the leader at regular intervals, achieving appro-priate length and crotch angle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant growth regulators proved to be efficient on apple feathering. 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) alone or in combination with gibberellin (GA 4+7 ) sprayed multiple times during the season are reported to improve apple plant quality at nursery by increasing the number and the length of lateral branches as well as the crotch angle (RUFATO et al, 2019;LAŇAR et al, 2020;KUMAWAT et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving feathering in different nursery apple trees by plant growth regulators

Carra,

Cabrera,

Rodriguez

et al. 2023

Rev. Bras. Frutic.

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Feathering in apple nursery trees is a critical operation used to increase the quality of planting material. Plant growth regulators (PGR) could be used to form feathers in apple nursery trees. The main goal was to study the impact of different PGR and concentrations on feathering promotion in different nursery apple trees. The study had three different trials where the specific aims were to study the impact of: i) different rates of 6-benzyladenine (6-BA); ii) different PGR (6-BA and 6-BA + GA4+7) on feathering promotion, and; iii) 6-BA on feathering promotion and prohexadione calcium (P-Ca) on trunk thickening under greenhouse conditions. Both 6-BA and 6-BA + GA4+7 were effective inducing feathering in the different cultivars tested. 6-BA reduced final young plants grafted height only in one out of three seasons, reducing an average of 15 and 10 cm on ‘Early Red One’ and ‘Fuji’ apple nursery trees, respectively. P-Ca reduced tree growth rate 4-5 weeks after sprayed, but the difference did not persist until the end of the season. Trunk diameter was not affected by the different plant growth regulators and concentrations tested. 6-BA alone or in combination with GA4+7 is an efficient tool to feathering formation in different nursery apple cultivars and conditions.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Improving feathering in different nursery apple trees by plant growth regulators

Carra,

Cabrera,

Rodriguez

et al. 2023

Rev. Bras. Frutic.

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“…In particular, highly feathered nursery trees are an essential component of this system because the greater the feather number during planting, the higher the yields in the early years (Reig et al, 2019;Robinson et al, 2006). However, natural branching is inadequate in many apple cultivars (Ferree and Rhodus, 1987;Lanar et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various mechanical and chemical branching-inducing methods (pinching of the youngest leaves, notching, additive N fertilization, and treatment with plant hor-mones or their inhibitors) have been used to increase the feather number on nursery trees (Lanar et al, 2018(Lanar et al, , 2020. Among these branching-inducing methods, cytokinin 6-benzyladenine (BA) is a plant growth regulator that is commonly used to induce feather formation in apple plants (Kender and Carpenter, 1972;Wertheim and Estabrooks, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated Applications of a Mixture of Gibberellin A<sub>3</sub> and 6-benzyladenine Increase the Feather Number on Apple Nursery Trees in the Current Year of Grafting

Okada,

Wada,

Shimizu

et al. 2024

Hortic J

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The Tall Spindle apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) planting system achieves high early and sustained yields and excellent fruit quality. This system requires high-density planting (1,000-1,500 trees/acre) of highly branched (feathered) nursery trees, which increases the total cost of nursery trees purchased. To supply large quantities of highly feathered nursery trees at low prices, the nursery cycle should be shortened to one year. However, it is difficult to naturally obtain one-year-old nursery trees with sufficient feather number and length. Repeated spraying with 6-benzyladenine (BA) has been used as a conventional method to induce feather formation in apple nursery trees. We recently demonstrated that gibberellin A 3 (GA 3 ) treatment also increases the feather number on young apple trees. Here, we investigated the effects of GA 3 (0, 100, 500, and 1,000 μM) and BA (0, 75, 150, and 300 mg•L −1 ) combinations on the production of well-feathered trees over a one-year cycle. Among the 16 GA 3 and BA combinations, repeated (7 or 9 times) spraying with 1,000 μM GA 3 + 300 mg•L −1 BA solution (3 or 5 mL) was the most effective method for producing highly feathered nursery trees of 'Fuji'/JM7 over a one-year cycle. In two trials, trees treated with 1,000 μM GA 3 + 300 mg•L −1 BA had 0.9-1.0-fold greater terminal shoot lengths, 1.5-1.9-fold greater feather numbers (≥ 1 cm), 2.0-fold greater feather numbers (≥ 5-< 50 cm), 1.1-1.2-fold greater feather lengths, and 0.9-fold greater trunk diameters than those treated with 300 mg•L −1 BA (conventional method). The feathers of trees treated with 1,000 μM GA 3 + 300 mg•L −1 BA were predominantly 1-30 cm long (≥ 94.5%), and only few large feathers were observed. Thus, compared with the conventional method, treatment with 1,000 μM GA 3 + 300 mg•L −1 BA facilitated the production of highly feathered nursery trees over a one-year cycle. It also reduced the time and labor cost required to obtain a large number of well-branched nursery trees needed for high-density plantings such as in the Tall Spindle system.

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Calcium, Iron and Boron Contents of Nursery-Produced Trees Affect Long-Term Orchard Productivity of Apples

Atay

2023

Erwerbs-Obstbau

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Branching of nursery apples and plums using various branching inducing methods

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Improving feathering in different nursery apple trees by plant growth regulators

Improving feathering in different nursery apple trees by plant growth regulators

Repeated Applications of a Mixture of Gibberellin A<sub>3</sub> and 6-benzyladenine Increase the Feather Number on Apple Nursery Trees in the Current Year of Grafting

Calcium, Iron and Boron Contents of Nursery-Produced Trees Affect Long-Term Orchard Productivity of Apples

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