Branched-Chain Fatty Acids—An Underexplored Class of Dairy-Derived Fatty Acids

Taormina, Victoria M; Unger, Allison L; Schiksnis, Morgan R; Torres-Gonzalez, Moises; Kraft, Jana

doi:10.3390/nu12092875

Cited by 112 publications

(108 citation statements)

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“…The only consistent exception were the branched chain fatty acids (BCFA), as their levels turned out to be significantly lower in kidney graft recipients. Branched chain fatty acids constitute a group derived mainly from ruminants (milk, dairy products, beef) [ 20 ]. Recent research, including our studies, suggests that BCFA promote weight maintenance and insulin sensitivity [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although endogenous production has also been confirmed, as BCFA were found to be synthesized from respective branched chain amino acids (BCAA), e.g., valine, leucine, isoleucine, the dietary intake of BCFA is presumably the major source of these FA in the body [ 20 ]. In the present study, we did not assess the diet of the patients, which is a limitation, underlined below.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Serum Fatty Acids Profile in Kidney Transplant Recipients

et al. 2021

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Patients with end-stage kidney disease, treated with renal transplantation, are at increased risk of cardio-vascular disease (CVD) and cardio-vascular mortality. They are also characterized by an atherogenic dyslipidemia. Alterations of the fatty acids (FA) profile contribute to increased cardio-vascular risk in the general population. In the current study, we test the hypothesis that kidney transplantation is associated with ab-normalities in FA profile. The FA profile was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in 198 renal transplant recipients, and 48 control subjects. The most profound differences between renal transplant patients and controls were related to the content of branched chain FA, monounsaturated FA, and n-6 polyunsaturated FA, respectively. The FA profile significantly separated the patients from the controls in the principal component analysis (PCA). The abnormalities of FA profile showed a tendency for normalization in long-term kidney recipients, as compared to patients with recent transplants. The n-3 PUFA content demonstrated a strong inverse association with the presence of inflammation. Most profound alterations of the FA profile were observed in patients with impaired graft function (glomerular filtration rate < 45 mL/min). The study demonstrated significant disorders of the FA profile in kidney transplant recipients, which might contribute to cardio-vascular risk in this vulnerable patient population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Serum Fatty Acids Profile in Kidney Transplant Recipients

et al. 2021

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“…These differences were suggestive of abnormal synthesis of the odd-chain FFAs in acne. Opposite to other bio uids, branched chain FA are relatively abundant in sebum 34 . Multiple sources contribute to their level, such as de novo synthesis by the SG, metabolism of skin microbes, and diet 35,36 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipidomics of Facial Sebum in the Comparison Between Acne and Non-Acne Adolescents with Dark Skin

Okoro¹,

Adenle²,

Ludovici

et al. 2021

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Lipidomics is advantageous in the study of sebum perturbations occurring in acne. An extended evaluation of the sebum lipid profiles in acne-prone sebaceous areas is lacking in dark skin. Yet, there is a void space in understanding how the building blocks of sebum lipids, i.e. individual fatty acids (FAs), are intertwined with acne-prone skin. We aimed to determine the sebum lipidome in facial areas of adolescents with and without acne in Nigeria. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 60 adolescents/young adults divided in 30 acne patients (15F, 15M) and 30 age and sex-matched controls. Sebum samples obtained from foreheads and cheeks were analysed separately by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) and thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Distributions of sebum components were investigated with multivariate ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA). Sebum incretion in acne was paralleled by significantly higher abundance of triglycerides, wax esters, and squalene together with monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), and straight chain saturated FAs (SFAs), especially those with odd-carbon chain, i.e. C13:0, C15:0, and C17:0. Profiling weight/weight percentage individual components revealed that in acne the free FAs (FFAs) array was shifted towards higher relative abundance of the SFAs C15:0, C16:0, and C17:0 and lower percentage of the anteiso-branched FFAs with 12, 14, 16, and 18 carbons. In acne patients, MUFAs and PUFAs were quantitatively increased and decreased on foreheads and cheeks, respectively. Relative abundance of fatty alcohols was decreased in acne independent on the site. The results indicated that acne associates with site-specific derangement of the pathways regulating the balance among odd straight-chain and branched-chain SFAs, MUFAs, including sapienate (C16:1n-10), PUFAs, and squalene.

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“…Collectively, these dietary changes led to decreased energy intake due to decreased intake of all three macronutrients that were reflected in the decreased circulating levels of metabolites derived from these nutrients. Remarkably, many of these metabolites have been associated with the composition and intake of dairy products, including pentadecanoic acid [28,64], BCFA [65], lactose [28,29], and BCAA [66,67].…”

Section: Serum Metabolites Modification By Exclusion Of Dairy and Limitation Of Fermented Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota and Metabolite Modifications after Dietary Exclusion of Dairy Products and Reduced Consumption of Fermented Food in Young and Older Men

et al. 2021

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The gut microbiota adapts to age-related changes in host physiology but is also affected by environmental stimuli, like diet. As a source of both pre- and probiotics, dairy and fermented foods modulate the gut microbiota composition, which makes them interesting food groups to use for the investigation of interactions between diet and ageing. Here we present the effects of excluding dairy products and limiting fermented food consumption for 19 days on gut microbiota composition and circulating metabolites of 28 healthy, young (YA) and older (OA) adult men. The intervention affected gut microbial composition in both groups, with significant increases in Akkermansia muciniphila and decreases in bacteria of the Clostridiales order. Lower fasting levels of glucose and insulin, as well as dairy-associated metabolites like lactose and pentadecanoic acid, were observed after the intervention, with no effect of age. The intervention also decreased HDL and LDL cholesterol levels. Dairy fat intake was positively associated with the HDL cholesterol changes but not with the LDL/HDL ratio. In conclusion, restricting the intake of dairy and fermented foods in men modified their gut microbiota and blood metabolites, while the impact of the dietary restrictions on these outcomes was more marked than the effect of age.

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Branched-Chain Fatty Acids—An Underexplored Class of Dairy-Derived Fatty Acids

Cited by 112 publications

References 100 publications

Analysis of Serum Fatty Acids Profile in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Analysis of Serum Fatty Acids Profile in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Lipidomics of Facial Sebum in the Comparison Between Acne and Non-Acne Adolescents with Dark Skin

Microbiota and Metabolite Modifications after Dietary Exclusion of Dairy Products and Reduced Consumption of Fermented Food in Young and Older Men

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