Branched‐chain amino acids

Platell, Cameron; Kong, Sung‐Eun; Mccauley, Rosalie; Hall, John C.

doi:10.1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02205.x

Cited by 123 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Studies evidenced that intravenous leucine infusion at high doses (3 to 7 g) resulted in anabolic changes in protein turnover and nitrogen balance (Platell et al, 2000;Matthews, 2005). Additionally, it was observed that leucine stimulates protein synthesis during catabolic conditions induced by acute food restriction or by exhaustive exercise (Donato et al, 2007;Biolo et al, 1997).…”

Section: Experimental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein synthesis regulation by leucine

Vianna

Teodoro

Leal

et al. 2010

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that high protein diets affect both protein synthesis and regulation of several cellular processes. The role of amino acids as substrate for protein synthesis has been established in the literature. However, the mechanism by which these amino acids modulate transcription and regulate the mRNA translation via mTOR-dependent signaling pathway has yet to be fully determined. It has been verified that mTOR is a protein responsible for activating a cascade of biochemical intracellular events which result in the activation of the protein translation process. Of the aminoacids, leucine is the most effective in stimulating protein synthesis and reducing proteolysis. Therefore, it promotes a positive nitrogen balance, possibly by favoring the activation of this protein. This amino acid also directly and indirectly stimulates the synthesis and secretion of insulin, enhancing its anabolic cellular effects. Therefore, this review aimed to identify the role of leucine in protein synthesis modulation and to discuss the metabolic aspects related to this aminoacid. Uniterms:Leucine. Protein synthesis. Transcription Factors. mTOR. Translation Protein.Estudos in vivo e in vitro verificaram que dietas hiperprotéicas influenciam a síntese protéica e regulam vários processos celulares. O papel dos aminoácidos como substrato para a síntese de proteínas já está bem evidenciado na literatura, porém as formas como esses aminoácidos modulam a etapa da transcrição e regulam a tradução do RNAm, pela via de sinalização dependente da mTOR, ainda não estão totalmente esclarecidas. Tem-se verificado que a mTOR é uma proteína responsável por ativar uma cascata de eventos bioquímicos intracelulares que culminam na ativação do processo de tradução protéica. Dentre todos os aminoácidos, a leucina é a mais eficaz em estimular a síntese protéica, reduzir a proteólise e, portanto, favorecer o balanço nitrogenado positivo, possivelmente por favorecer a ativação desta proteína. Além disso, este aminoácido estimula direta e indiretamente a síntese e a secreção de insulina, e, assim, aumenta as propriedades anabólicas celulares. Nesse sentido, a presente revisão tem como objetivo identificar o papel da leucina na modulação da síntese protéica e abordar aspectos metabólicos relacionados a este aminoácido.Unitermos: Leucina. Síntese protéica. Fator de transcrição. mTOR. Tradução de proteínas. INTRODUCTIONProtein synthesis in tissue is rapidly stimulated after nutrient consumption. Insulin and aminoacids stimulate protein anabolism, acting in a posterior step of gene transcription, i.e., on protein translation. However, the mechanism by which the aminoacids stimulate protein translation has yet to be fully determined (Proud, 2002).Some studies have verified that high-protein diets stimulate protein synthesis. Some of the benefits promoted by this diet on body composition can be attributed to high consumption of branched-chain aminoacids (BCAA), which include the aminoacids leucine, valine and isoleucine (Donato...

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Section: Experimental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein synthesis regulation by leucine

Vianna

Teodoro

Leal

et al. 2010

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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“…During prolonged endurance exercise, the oxidation of BCAA is increased several-fold ( 16 ). In contrast to other amino acids, BCAA are unique in that they are principally metabolize extrahepatically in the skeletal muscle tissue ( 17 ). The oral intake of BCAA might have beneficial effects on skeletal muscle in the state of an impaired renal function.…”

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confidence: 99%

Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation during a 100-km Ultra-Marathon^|^mdash;A Randomized Controlled Trial

Knechtle

Mrazek²,

Wirth³

et al. 2012

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Ultra-marathon running is supposed to increase the parameters of skeletal muscle damage and impair renal function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of branched-chain amino acid supplementation on skeletal muscle damage and renal function during a 100-km ultra-marathon. Twenty-eight athletes were randomly divided into two groups, one group using branched-chain amino acid supplementation (BCAA) and a control group (CON). The athletes in the BCAA group were supplemented with a total of 50 g of an amino acid concentrate including 20 g of BCAA. The intake of energy, antioxidants and parameters of both skeletal muscle damage and renal function were determined. Race time was not different between BCAA and CON when controlled for the personal best time in a 100-km ultra-marathon. Neither the intake of energy and antioxidants nor the parameters of skeletal muscle damage and renal function were different between BCAA and CON. We concluded that BCAA-supplementation before and during a 100-km ultra-marathon had no effect on performance, skeletal muscle damage or renal function.

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“…Supplementation of glutamine may improve protein status and immunocompetence, enhance nutritional management, reduce the number of infections and augment recovery of the seriously ill while minimizing hospital stay 30,32,[34][35][36][37] . Leucin stimulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis and inhibits muscle proteolysis, even during sepsis 5,56,57 . The prevalent opinion in modern critical care nutrition is that 1.2-1.5 g protein/kg normal body weight/day is sufficient and hence not usually exceeded.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leucine also stimulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis and inhibits muscle proteolysis -even during sepsis 5,56,57 . Plasma concentrations of the BCAA are more prominently affected than the concentrations of other amino acids by changes in dietary-caloric, protein, fat, and carbohydrate-intake in man 58 .…”

Section: Branched-chain Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potential areas of further research may include the combination of BCAA supplements with other anabolic factors (e.g. growth hormone (GH)) in managing patients with catabolic disease states 56 . Specific amino acids, such as arginine, lysine and ornithine, can stimulate GH release when infused intravenously or administered orally 62 .…”

Section: Branched-chain Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The importance and dosage of amino acids in nutritional support of various pathological conditions in ICU patients

Aimova¹,

Hronek²,

Zadák³

2014

BIOMED PAP

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Background. Normal adults require twenty L-amino acids (AA) for protein synthesis. Functional AA regulate key metabolic pathways that are necessary for maintenance, growth, reproduction and immunity. Dietary supplementation with one or a mixture of these AA may be beneficial for ameliorating health problems at various stages of the life cycle and for optimizing of the efficiency of metabolic transformations. During disease, other amino acids also become essential. The principal goal of protein/amino acid administration in various pathological conditions in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is to provide the precursors of protein synthesis in tissues with high turnover and to protect skeletal muscle mass and function. Amino acid requirements in parenteral nutrition (PN) are higher when the patient is stressed/ traumatized/infected than in the unstressed state. In severely ill ICU patients a higher provision of protein and amino acids has been associated with a lower mortality. Methods and Results. An overview of the effects and dosage of amino acids in nutritional support of various pathological conditions in ICU patients is presented. Conclusion. It was demonstrated that 2.0-2.5 g protein substrate/kg normal body weight/day is safe and could be optimal for the most critically ill adults to decrease the risk of morbidity and mortality in some pathological conditions.

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Branched‐chain amino acids

Cited by 123 publications

References 95 publications

Protein synthesis regulation by leucine

Protein synthesis regulation by leucine

Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation during a 100-km Ultra-Marathon^|^mdash;A Randomized Controlled Trial

The importance and dosage of amino acids in nutritional support of various pathological conditions in ICU patients

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