The paper describes the existing directions and features in the field of non-destructive testing of thermosetting plastic products, in particular, brake pads of freight cars. The article presents defects that lead to a decrease in the declared resource of wheelsets as a result of interaction with the brake pad during operation. The process of enveloping metal is described. Describes production data provided by railcar repair companies, accompanied by illustrative material. Analyzed are methods of non-destructive testing, the use of which will reduce the damage to wheelsets, by selective testing of brake pads from each batch supplied to a repair facility or plant. Conclusions and tasks for further research are formed.