Brainstem lesions and gustatory function: I. The role of the nucleus of the solitary tract during a brief intake test in rats.

Shimura, Tsuyoshi; Grigson, Patricia S.; Norgren, Ralph

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.111.1.155

Cited by 77 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Neurons in the NTS serve as the principal relay of afferent inputs from various information including baroreceptor, chemoreceptor, cardiopulmonary, cardiovascular and visceral afferents (Palkovits and Zaborszky, 1977;Hancock, 1988;Ciriello et al, 1994;Grigson et al, 1997b;Shimura et al, 1997). Hence, the NTS is the primary site where various distinct but related functions intersect for the integration of autonomic outputs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent projections of catecholaminergic neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract to limbic forebrain and medullary autonomic brain regions

Reyes

Bockstaele

2006

Brain Research

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The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is a critical structure involved in coordinating autonomic and visceral activities. Previous independent studies have demonstrated efferent projections from the NTS to the nucleus paragigantocellularis (PGi) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CNA) in rat brain. To further characterize the neural circuitry originating from the NTS with postsynaptic targets in the amygdala and medullary autonomic targets, distinct green or red fluorescent latex microspheres were injected into the PGi and the CNA, respectively, of the same rat. Thirty-micron thick tissue sections through the lower brainstem and forebrain were collected. Every fourth section through the NTS region was processed for immunocytochemical detection of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker of catecholaminergic neurons. Retrogradely labeled neurons from the PGi or CNA were distributed throughout the rostro-caudal segments of the NTS. However, the majority of neurons containing both retrograde tracers were distributed within the caudal third of the NTS. Cell counts revealed that approximately 27% of neurons projecting to the CNA in the NTS sent collateralized projections to the PGi while approximately 16% of neurons projecting to the PGi sent collateralized projections to the CNA. Interestingly, more than half of the PGi and CNA projecting neurons in the NTS expressed TH immunoreactivity. These data indicate that catecholaminergic neurons in the NTS are poised to simultaneously coordinate activities in limbic and medullary autonomic brain regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent projections of catecholaminergic neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract to limbic forebrain and medullary autonomic brain regions

Reyes

Bockstaele

2006

Brain Research

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“…The standard protocol of training and brief-access tests used in our laboratory are described elsewhere (70). Briefly, rats were dehydrated when licking behavior was evaluated for the normally aversive chemicals and rehydrated when licking behavior was evaluated for the normally preferred chemicals.…”

Section: Taste Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered taste sensitivity in obese, prediabetic OLETF rats lacking CCK-1 receptors

Hajnal¹,

Covașă²,

Bello³

2005

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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-Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats lack the CCK-1 receptor, are hyperphagic, progressively become obese, and develop type-2 diabetes. We recently demonstrated an increased preference for both real and sham feeding of sucrose in this strain, suggesting altered orosensory sensitivity. To investigate taste functions, we used an automated gustometer with 10-s access to different concentrations of various sapid stimuli. Tests were repeated at 10 and 18 wk of age to assess the early and advanced stages of prediabetes, respectively. Compared with age-matched, nonmutant controls, the OLETF rats showed higher avidity for sucrose at both ages. This difference increased as a function of age and tastant concentration. An exaggerated response also occurred for saccharin, alanine, and fructose, but not for Polycose. Similarly, OLETF rats consumed monosodiumglutamate more at the lower concentrations compared with controls, an effect that age also accentuated. In contrast, there was no statistical strain or age differences in responses to NaCl, MgCl2, citric acid, quinine-HCl, and the trigeminal stimulus capsaicin. These findings demonstrate that compared with controls, OLETF rats differ in their gustatory functions with an overall augmented sensitivity for sweet that progresses during prediabetes. This effect explains their overconsumption of sweet solutions and may contribute to the overall hyperphagia and obesity in this strain.overeating; dietary obesity; insulin resistance; sweet receptors; hedonic coding OBESITY IS A GLOBAL PANDEMIC that continues to accelerate and increases the risk of multiple medical conditions, such as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), hypertension, and coronary heart disease (34). Although the etiology of obesity is complex, overconsumption induced by the high palatability of the modern diet, in general, and individual differences in responsivity to palatability, in particular, may contribute to obesity (34,74,87). Meal size is controlled by orosensory stimulatory and postingestive inhibitory feedback (71). Thus increased appetite and overeating can be the result of either an enhanced responsiveness to orosensory stimulatory properties of a meal, a decreased sensitivity to postingestive inhibitory signals, or both. Importantly, the signaling systems that underlie appetite control appear to operate independently from the energy homeostatic regulation resulting in sustained overeating and body weight gain in some individuals and also in animal models of obesity.Despite the controversy about the particular contribution of different nutrients to the epidemic of obesity, there is agreement that an increased palatability of foods that taste sweet and contain fats, plays a critical role by increasing the overall calorie intake (40, 56). As with humans, high carbohydrate and high fat foods are strongly preferred by rats (59). Postingestive factors play an important role in this preference (63, 84), but rats also sham feed sugar and fat solutions (i.e., fatty acids and triglycerides...

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“…Innate concentrationdependent intake of preferred and avoided stimuli is severely disrupted by damage to the gustatory region of the NST (Flynn et al, 1991;Shimura et al, 1997b). Importantly, the ability to express learned and physiologically dependent taste-guided behaviors like conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and sodium appetite is unaffected by damage to the gustatory NST .…”

Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Characterizing the neuropeptide pathways between the forebrain and the pons.

Al-Magableh

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Brainstem lesions and gustatory function: I. The role of the nucleus of the solitary tract during a brief intake test in rats.

Cited by 77 publications

References 28 publications

Divergent projections of catecholaminergic neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract to limbic forebrain and medullary autonomic brain regions

Divergent projections of catecholaminergic neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract to limbic forebrain and medullary autonomic brain regions

Altered taste sensitivity in obese, prediabetic OLETF rats lacking CCK-1 receptors

Characterizing the neuropeptide pathways between the forebrain and the pons.

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