Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in individuals exposed to long‐term low concentrations of toluene

Vrca, Anđelko; Karačić, Višnja; Bozicević, D; Božikov, Veljko; Malinar, Marta

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199607)30:1<62::aid-ajim10>3.3.co;2-6

Cited by 4 publications

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“…This test demonstrated modification in auditory nervous system before the occurrence of clinical signs due to chronic exposure to toluene (Abbate et al, 1993). An alteration in the auditory brainstem–evoked responses were also observed in another study on workers, however there was a lack of information on noise exposure (Vrca et al, 1996 , 1997).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

A weight of evidence approach for the assessment of the ototoxic potential of industrial chemicals

et al. 2011

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There is accumulating epidemiological evidence that exposure to some solvents, metals, asphyxiants and other substances in humans is associated with an increased risk of acquiring hearing loss. Furthermore, simultaneous and successive exposure to certain chemicals along with noise can increase the susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss. There are no regulations that require hearing monitoring of workers who are employed at locations in which occupational exposure to potentially ototoxic chemicals occurs in the absence of noise exposure. This project was undertaken to develop a toxicological database allowing the identification of possible ototoxic substances present in the work environment alone or in combination with noise exposure. Critical toxicological data were compiled for chemical substances included in the Quebec occupational health regulation. The data were evaluated only for noise exposure levels that can be encountered in the workplace and for realistic exposure concentrations up to the short-term exposure limit or ceiling value (CV) or 5 times the 8-h time-weighted average occupational exposure limit (TWA OEL) for human data and up to 100 times the 8-h TWA OEL or CV for animal studies. In total, 224 studies (in 150 articles of which 44 evaluated the combined exposure to noise and a chemical) covering 29 substances were evaluated using a weight of evidence approach. For the majority of cases where potential ototoxicity was previously proposed, there is a paucity of toxicological data in the primary literature. Human and animal studies indicate that lead, styrene, toluene and trichloroethylene are ototoxic and ethyl benzene, n-hexane and p-xylene are possibly ototoxic at concentrations that are relevant to the occupational setting. Carbon monoxide appears to exacerbate noise-induced hearing dysfunction. Toluene interacts with noise to induce more severe hearing losses than the noise alone.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

A weight of evidence approach for the assessment of the ototoxic potential of industrial chemicals

et al. 2011

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“…In a study conducted among petrol refinery plant workers, blood benzene levels were determined as 584 ng/l in smokers and 289 ng/l in non-smokers (Brugnone et al, 1998). In a study on printing plant workers, the blood toluene levels in the exposed groups was 0.036 mg/L and among non-exposed was at 0.00096 mg/L (Vrca et al, 1996). In Rome, the average blood benzene level of traffic police working outside was 213 mg/l and in office workers at 195 mg/l (Crebelli et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of neuropsychological symptoms and exposure to benzene, toluene and xylene among two different furniture worker groups in Izmir

et al. 2011

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This study was conducted to determine whether there was any exposure to toluene, xylene and benzene and to assess the health impact of these solvents on workers in furniture enterprises in Karabaglar, Izmir. This cross-sectional study covered furniture enterprises in Karabaglar, Izmir. This study was comprised of an exposed group consisting of workers engaged in painting and varnishing and therefore exposed either directly or indirectly toluene, xylene and benzene in the workplace and the non-exposed group engaged in other aspects of production. While a total of 261 individuals completed questionnaires, 210 workers agreed to provide blood samples. Blood solvents levels were determined using gas chromatograph at Ege University, Intoxication Research and Application Centre. The modified EUROQUEST questionnaire was used to assess neuropsychological symptoms and neurological and general examination were performed. Occupational and exposure history, demographic and work-related information was collected. In this study of workers, blood toluene and benzene levels were found to be significantly higher among those engaged in painting and varnishing compared to those who perform other tasks. The average blood toluene and benzene concentrations among exposed workers were 6.95 times and 1.64 times respectively higher than those in the nonexposed groups. Smokers and participants who worked in excess of 8 hours/day had higher blood toluene and benzene levels. The most frequently work-related health complaints were back pain, allergies and asthma. No differences were found in the average scores in the neuropsychological symptoms questionnaire between exposed and non-exposed groups. Neurological examination of two individuals with these complaints revealed a loss of reflexes. The workers were unaware that they were being exposed to solvents at work. Tobacco smoke is a major source of internal exposure to benzene. Improving working conditions in furniture work places is a priority.

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“…Vrca y cols 31 reportaron que trabajadores expuestos a bajas concentraciones de tolueno, mostraron un significativo descenso en todas las amplitudes de los potenciales evocados auditivos, una significativa prolongación de la latencia de la respuesta P1 y un incremento en las latencias de los intervalos interpeak P3-P5. Los autores sugirieron que, bajas concentraciones de tolueno, afectan las partes extramedulares y las partes altas de las vías auditivas.…”

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Exposición a solventes y disfunción auditiva central: Revisión de la evidencia científica

2010

Rev. Otorrinolaringol. Cir. Cabeza Cuello

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Diversos estudios han demostrado que los solventes orgánicos pueden inducir una disfunción auditiva. Los modelos animales han mostrado que los solventes son capaces de dañar las células ciliadas externas. Estudios de campo en trabajadores expuestos a solventes han encontrado por una parte, una mayor prevalencia de hipoacusia sensorioneural en comparación a grupos controles, y por otra, una disfunción auditiva central asociada a la exposición a solventes. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo revisar y discutir la evidencia científica acerca de la disfunción auditiva central asociada a la exposición a solventes como el tolueno, estireno, xileno, bisulfato de carbono, y mezcla de ellos. Se discuten los resultados de las investigaciones llevadas a cabo en humanos expuestos laboralmente a estos agentes. Se discuten además, los mecanismos de ototoxicidad y neurotoxidad de los solventes y sus implicancias en la evaluación de la hipoacusia inducida por solventes.

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Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in individuals exposed to long‐term low concentrations of toluene

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

A weight of evidence approach for the assessment of the ototoxic potential of industrial chemicals

A weight of evidence approach for the assessment of the ototoxic potential of industrial chemicals

Evaluation of neuropsychological symptoms and exposure to benzene, toluene and xylene among two different furniture worker groups in Izmir

Exposición a solventes y disfunción auditiva central: Revisión de la evidencia científica

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