Brains, Genes, and Primates

Belmonte, Juan Carlos Izpisúa; Callaway, Edward M.; Caddick, Sarah J.; Churchland, Patricia Smith; Feng, Guoping; Homanics, Gregg E.; Lee, Kuo‐Fen; Leopold, David A.; Miller, Cory T.; Mitchell, Jude F.; Mitalipov, Shoukhrat; Moutri, Alysson R.; Movshon, J. Anthony; Okano, Hideyuki; Reynolds, John H.; Ringach, Dario L.; Sejnowski, Terrence J.; Silva, Afonso C.; Strick, Peter L.; Wu, Jun; Zhang, Feng

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.021

Cited by 236 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Decision-making and abstract thoughts are well-defined characteristics of primates 25 . These higher mental functions encompass the action of thousands of neurons within the cerebral cortex immersed in a complex cross-talk that may last several seconds, even minutes, until a determination fitting the request is made at the conscious level.…”

Section: A Thought About Thinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are astrocytes executive cells within the central nervous system?

Sica

Caccuri

Quarracino

et al. 2016

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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Experimental evidence suggests that astrocytes play a crucial role in the physiology of the central nervous system (CNS) by modulating synaptic activity and plasticity. Based on what is currently known we postulate that astrocytes are fundamental, along with neurons, for the information processing that takes place within the CNS. On the other hand, experimental findings and human observations signal that some of the primary degenerative diseases of the CNS, like frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s dementia, Huntington’s dementia, primary cerebellar ataxias and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, all of which affect the human species exclusively, may be due to astroglial dysfunction. This hypothesis is supported by observations that demonstrated that the killing of neurons by non-neural cells plays a major role in the pathogenesis of those diseases, at both their onset and their progression. Furthermore, recent findings suggest that astrocytes might be involved in the pathogenesis of some psychiatric disorders as well.

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Section: A Thought About Thinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are astrocytes executive cells within the central nervous system?

Sica

Caccuri

Quarracino

et al. 2016

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…Given the phylogenetic proximity between humans, apes and monkeys, research on non-human primate models is an essential component to understanding both healthy brain function and disease (Belmonte et al, 2015;Roelfsema and Treue, 2014). After the anthropoid apes, Old World monkeys are the next closest relatives to humans (Stewart and Disotell, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The average baboon brain: MRI templates and tissue probability maps from 89 individuals

et al. 2016

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The baboon (Papio) brain is a remarkable model for investigating the brain. The current work aimed at creating a population-average baboon (Papio anubis) brain template and its left/right hemisphere symmetric version from a large sample of T1-weighted magnetic resonance images collected from 89 individuals. Averaging the prior probability maps output during the segmentation of each individual also produced the first baboon brain tissue probability maps for gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid. The templates and the tissue probability maps were created using state-of-the-art, freely available software tools and are being made freely and publicly available: http://www.nitrc.org/projects/haiko89/ or http://lpc.univ-amu.fr/spip.php?article589. It is hoped that these images will aid neuroimaging research of the baboon by, for example, providing a modern, high quality normalization target and accompanying standardized coordinate system as well as probabilistic priors that can be used during tissue segmentation.

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“…It is important to point out, however, that relying on TH protein levels as a marker of 'dopamine' neurons, in both mice and rats, can be also problematic, as while all TH-protein-positive neurons appear to have the ability to synthesize dopamine, not all package it into vesicles for release [101,118]. These results not only highlight general considerations for implementing genetic tools across different species [198], but also suggest that investigators should be careful to avoid over-interpreting the results from such studies.…”

Section: Questions Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary approaches to neural circuit manipulation and mapping: focus on reward and addiction

Saunders

Janak

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 15 to a theme issue 'Controlling brain activity to alter perception, behaviour and society'. Tying complex psychological processes to precisely defined neural circuits is a major goal of systems and behavioural neuroscience. This is critical for understanding adaptive behaviour, and also how neural systems are altered in states of psychopathology, such as addiction. Efforts to relate psychological processes relevant to addiction to activity within defined neural circuits have been complicated by neural heterogeneity. Recent advances in technology allow for manipulation and mapping of genetically and anatomically defined neurons, which when used in concert with sophisticated behavioural models, have the potential to provide great insight into neural circuit bases of behaviour. Here we discuss contemporary approaches for understanding reward and addiction, with a focus on midbrain dopamine and cortico-striato-pallidal circuits.

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Brains, Genes, and Primates

Cited by 236 publications

References 147 publications

Are astrocytes executive cells within the central nervous system?

Are astrocytes executive cells within the central nervous system?

The average baboon brain: MRI templates and tissue probability maps from 89 individuals

Contemporary approaches to neural circuit manipulation and mapping: focus on reward and addiction

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