Brain volumetrics across the lifespan of the rhesus macaque

Dash, Steven; Park, Byung; Kroenke, Christopher D.; Rooney, William D.; Urbanski, Henryk F.; Kohama, Steven G.

doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.02.002

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…By contrast, myelination is complete in white-matter tracts of pubertal macaques, and, although perhaps incomplete in pubertal chimpanzees (Sakai et al, 2010(Sakai et al, , 2011(Sakai et al, , 2012(Sakai et al, , 2013, myelination is complete when they are sexually mature (Miller et al, 2012). The life-span of rhesus macaques often exceeds 25 years, but they may show cognitive decline from as early as 12 years of age (Moore et al, 2006) in mid-life when also a reduction in white matter is detectable in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and frontal, and anterior cingulate cortices of the monkeys (Dash et al, 2023;Kohama et al, 2012). Unlike them, protracted immaturity increasingly has defined the trajectory of cerebral evolution in Homo (Semendeferi and Hanson, 2016), and Coward (2012) suggested that prolongation during human ontogeny of an increase in cerebral white matter represents a significant phylogenetically evolved characteristic of our genus.…”

Section: Wm and The Growing Brain: White Matter Mattersmentioning

confidence: 99%

On some statistical and cerebral aspects of the limits of Working Memory capacity in Anthropoid Primates, with particular reference to Pan and Homo, and their significance for Human Evolution

Manrique¹,

Read²,

Walker³

2023

Preprint

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Some comparative ontogenetical data imply that effective working-memory capacity develops in ways that are independent of brain size in humans. These are interpreted better from neuroscientific considerations about the continuing development of neuronal architecture in adolescents and young adults, than from one about gross brain mass which already is reached in childhood. By contrast, working-memory capacity in Pan never develops beyond that of three- or four-year-old children. The phylogenetical divergence begs the question of whether it is any longer plausible to infer from the fossil record that over the past two million years an ostensibly gradual increase in endocranial volumes of mature crania assigned to the genus Homo can be correlated in a scientifically-meaningful manner with the gradual evolution of our effective executive working memory. It is argued that whereas Pan’s effective working-memory capacity is relatively similar to that of its storage working-memory, ours is relatively larger with deeper executive control, perhaps implicating a greater component of meta-memory consequent on the evolution of human metacognition.

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