Brain structures and receptors involved in alertness

Aston‐Jones, Gary

doi:10.1016/s1389-9457(05)80002-4

Cited by 148 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…First, all of these nuclei are dominated by neurons that are spontaneously active (Williams et al 1984;Chan and Chan 1989;McCann and Rogers 1990;Serafin et al 1990;Travagli et al 1991;Aston-Jones 2005). Second, many of these neurons have broad action potentials.…”

Section: What About Non-da Neurons In Pd?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Phenotype and Vulnerability in Parkinson's Disease

Surmeier

Guzmán²,

Sánchez³

et al. 2012

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

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This review will focus on the principles underlying the hypothesis that neuronal physiological phenotype-how a neuron generates and regulates action potentials-makes a significant contribution to its vulnerability in Parkinson's disease (PD) and aging. A cornerstone of this hypothesis is that the maintenance of ionic gradients underlying excitability can pose a significant energetic burden for neurons, particularly those that have sustained residence times at depolarized membrane potentials, broad action potentials, prominent Ca 2þ entry, and modest intrinsic Ca 2þ buffering capacity. This energetic burden is shouldered in neurons primarily by mitochondria, the sites of cellular respiration. Mitochondrial respiration increases the production of damaging superoxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have widely been postulated to contribute to cellular aging and PD. Many of the genetic mutations and toxins associated with PD compromise mitochondrial function, providing a mechanistic linkage between known risk factors and cellular physiology that could explain the pattern of pathology in PD. Because much of the mitochondrial burden created by this atrisk phenotype is created by Ca 2þ entry through L-type voltage-dependent channels for which there are antagonists approved for human use, a neuroprotective strategy to reduce this burden is feasible.

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Section: What About Non-da Neurons In Pd?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Phenotype and Vulnerability in Parkinson's Disease

Surmeier

Guzmán²,

Sánchez³

et al. 2012

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

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“…Relevant sensory stimuli cause their phasic activation in the awake state. Recently, evidence has been obtained that the phasic mode of LC activation helps in optimizing task performance by assisting in the development of focused attention, the phasic firing being driven by the outcome of decision making (Aston-Jones and Cohen, 2005a,b;Aston-Jones, 2005). It is of substantial interest that the maintenance of LC NA neuron firing and of tonic arousal is dependent on light exposure, thus contributing to a circadian regulation of arousal (Gonzalez and Aston-Jones, 2006;AstonJones, 2005).…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

From the Golgi–Cajal mapping to the transmitter-based characterization of the neuronal networks leading to two modes of brain communication: Wiring and volume transmission

Fuxé¹,

Dahlström²,

Höistad³

et al. 2007

Brain Research Reviews

209

219

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After Golgi-Cajal mapped neural circuits, the discovery and mapping of the central monoamine neurons opened up for a new understanding of interneuronal communication by indicating that another form of communication exists. For instance, it was found that dopamine may be released as a prolactin inhibitory factor from the median eminence, indicating an alternative mode of dopamine communication in the brain. Subsequently, the analysis of the locus coeruleus noradrenaline neurons demonstrated a novel type of lower brainstem neuron that monosynaptically and globally innervated the entire CNS.Furthermore, the ascending raphe serotonin neuron systems were found to globally innervate the forebrain with few synapses, and where deficits in serotonergic function appeared to play a major role in depression. We propose that serotonin reuptake This will lead to the unified execution of information handling and trophism for optimal brain function and survival.

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“…Concomitantly, diffuse monoaminergic activating systems are under circadian control and impinge on many thalamo-cortical areas, suggesting that the interaction with sleep home ostasis could take place at many different levels ). Work by Aston-Jones and colleagues (Aston-Jones, 2005;Aston-Jones et al, 2001) has shown that the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) system plays an important role in the circadian regulation of alertness. Within the framework of their model, the SCN indirectly communicates with the LC via projections to the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH).…”

Section: Circadian and Homeostatic Impetus For Wakefulnessmentioning

confidence: 99%