Brain Structure Covariance Associated With Gait Control in Aging

Allali, Gilles; Montembeault, Maxime; Brambati, Simona Maria; Bherer, Louis; Blumen, Helena M.; Launay, Cyrille P.; Liu-Ambrose, Teresa; Helbostad, Jorunn L.; Beauchet, Olivier

doi:10.1093/gerona/gly123

Cited by 39 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This relationship is mediated by older adults compensating for declining postural control by applying more attention resources (Brown, Shumway‐Cook, & Woollacott, ; Chen et al, ; Teasdale, Bard, LaRue, & Fleury, ). So far, one study has looked at the structural correlates of walking while performing an interference task in older adults without dementia (Allali et al, ). Here, the GMV in the left middle frontal gyrus was significantly associated with gait speed during walking while counting backwards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gray matter volume covariance networks associated with dual‐task cost during walking‐while‐talking

Tripathi

Verghese

Blumen

2019

Human Brain Mapping

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We studied gray matter volume covariance networks associated with normal pace walking (NPW) speed and dual‐task costs (DTCs) during walking‐while‐talking (WWT)—a mobility stress test that involves walking while reciting alternate letters of the alphabet. Using a multivariate covariance‐based analytic approach, we identified gray matter networks associated with NPW speed (mean 102.1 cm/s ±22.5 cm/s) and DTC (percent difference in gait speed between NPW and WWT, mean 25.9% ± 18.8%) in 139 older adults without dementia (M = 75.3 ± 6.1 years). The gray matter network associated with NPW was primarily composed of supplementary motor area, precuneus cortex, and the middle frontal gyrus. Greater expression of this NPW network was associated with better processing speed (trail‐making test A [r = −0.30, p = 0.005]) and executive function (trail‐making test B − A [r = −0.43, p < 0.0001]). The gray matter network associated with DTC was primarily composed of medial prefrontal, cingulate, and thalamic regions. Greater expression of this DTC network was associated with better episodic memory performance on the free and cued selective reminding test (r = 0.30, p = 0.007). These results suggest that NPW speed and DTC are supported by different networks, and are associated with different cognitive domains.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gray matter volume covariance networks associated with dual‐task cost during walking‐while‐talking

Tripathi

Verghese

Blumen

2019

Human Brain Mapping

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“…Acute, sport‐related head trauma in younger adults has been linked to greater dual task cost (ie, percentage decrement) to gait performance . At the same time, worse dual task gait performance in older adults has been linked to executive cognitive dysfunction, chronic pain, increased likelihood of suffering a fall, increased risk of converting from mild cognitive impairment to dementia, alterations in brain structure, and a reduced capacity to activate appropriate brain networks in response to cognitive–motor tasks …”

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confidence: 99%

“…6 Acute, sport-related head trauma in younger adults has been linked to greater dual task cost (ie, percentage decrement) to gait performance. 7,8 At the same time, worse dual task gait performance in older adults has been linked to executive cognitive dysfunction, 9 chronic pain, 10 increased likelihood of suffering a fall, 11 increased risk of converting from mild cognitive impairment to dementia, 12,13 alterations in brain structure, 14 and a reduced capacity to activate appropriate brain networks in response to cognitive-motor tasks. 15 Based upon the above evidence, we hypothesized that metrics of dual task walking performance would be sensitive to chronic brain dysfunction induced by repeated sports-related head trauma in young adulthood, and therefore, could ultimately be useful for the detection of consequences of such head trauma, potentially before cognitive complaints and other clinical symptoms arise.…”

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confidence: 99%

Self‐Reported Head Trauma Predicts Poor Dual Task Gait in Retired National Football League Players

Manor

Zhou

et al. 2019

Annals of Neurology

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Objective Symptomatic head trauma associated with American‐style football (ASF) has been linked to brain pathology, along with physical and mental distress in later life. However, the longer‐term effects of such trauma on objective metrics of cognitive–motor function remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that ASF‐related symptomatic head trauma would predict worse gait performance, particularly during dual task conditions (ie, walking while performing an additional cognitive task), in later life. Methods Sixty‐six retired professional ASF players aged 29 to 75 years completed a health and wellness questionnaire. They also completed a validated smartphone‐based assessment in their own homes, during which gait was monitored while they walked normally and while they performed a verbalized serial‐subtraction cognitive task. Results Participants who reported more symptomatic head trauma, defined as the total number of impacts to the head or neck followed by concussion‐related symptoms, exhibited greater dual task cost (ie, percentage increase) to stride time variability (ie, the coefficient of variation of mean stride time). Those who reported ≥1 hit followed by loss of consciousness, compared to those who did not, also exhibited greater dual task costs to this metric. Relationships between reported trauma and dual task costs were independent of age, body mass index, National Football League career duration, and history of musculoskeletal surgery. Symptomatic head trauma was not correlated with average stride times in either walking condition. Interpretation Remote, smartphone‐based assessments of dual task walking may be utilized to capture meaningful data sensitive to the long‐term impact of symptomatic head trauma in former professional ASF players and other contact sport athletes. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:75–83

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“…Global neuroimaging markers included total brain and ventricular volumes. Based on prior knowledge , we identified brain areas of interest important for gait and fitness, including subregions in frontal (middle frontal, medial frontal, inferior frontal, and superior frontal gyri, supplementary and primary motor areas), parietal (primary sensory cortex (i.e. postcentral gyrus), precuneus, angular gyrus), medial temporal (hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, entorhinal cortex), subcortical motor (basal ganglia, thalamus), corpus callosum, and white matter volumes for frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In part, this is because current neuroimaging studies focusing on mobility and brain structure are mostly cross‐sectional or rely on global neuroimaging markers or one or a few regions of interest (ROIs). For example, recent cross‐sectional studies demonstrate that grey matter areas, such as cortical areas of precuneus, motor, prefrontal regions and subcortical areas of hippocampus, thalamus and caudate, are associated with mobility in older adults, but the temporal sequence of this association remains unknown . A few longitudinal studies show brain structural changes, such as changes in total brain volume and white matter hyperintensities, predict gait decline, but the spatial distribution is undetermined .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective study of focal brain atrophy, mobility and fitness

et al. 2019

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A prospective study of focal brain atrophy, mobility and fitness. J Intern Med 2019; 286: 88-100.Background. The parallel decline of mobility and cognition with ageing is explained in part by shared brain structural changes that are related to fitness. However, the temporal sequence between fitness, brain structural changes and mobility loss has not been fully evaluated.Methods. Participants were from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, aged 60 or older, initially free of cognitive and mobility impairments, with repeated measures of fitness (400-m time), mobility (6-m gait speed) and neuroimaging markers over 4 years (n = 332). Neuroimaging markers included volumes of total brain, ventricles, frontal, parietal, temporal and subcortical motor areas, and corpus callosum. Autoregressive models were used to examine the temporal sequence of each brain volume with mobility and fitness, adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index, height, education, intracranial volume and APOE ɛ4 status.Results. After adjustment, greater volumes of total brain and selected frontal, parietal and temporal areas, and corpus callosum were unidirectionally associated with future faster gait speed over and beyond cross-sectional and autoregressive associations. There were trends towards faster gait speed being associated with future greater hippocampus and precuneus. Higher fitness was unidirectionally associated with future greater parahippocampal gyrus and not with volumes in other areas. Smaller ventricle predicted future higher fitness.Conclusion. Specific regional brain volumes predict future mobility impairment. Impaired mobility is a risk factor for future atrophy of hippocampus and precuneus. Maintaining fitness preserves parahippocampal gyrus volume. Findings provide new insight into the complex and bidirectional relationship between the parallel decline of mobility and cognition often observed in older persons.

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Brain Structure Covariance Associated With Gait Control in Aging

Abstract: Our results suggest that brain networks associated with gait control vary according to walking speed and depend on each walking condition. Gait control in aging involved a distributed network including regions for emotional control that are recruited in challenging walking conditions.

Cited by 39 publications

References 43 publications

Gray matter volume covariance networks associated with dual‐task cost during walking‐while‐talking

Gray matter volume covariance networks associated with dual‐task cost during walking‐while‐talking

Self‐Reported Head Trauma Predicts Poor Dual Task Gait in Retired National Football League Players

A prospective study of focal brain atrophy, mobility and fitness

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