Brain Serotonin and Sexual Differentiation of the Nervous System

Ladosky, W.; Gaziri, L. C. J.

doi:10.1159/000121920

Cited by 128 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Castra tion of the male resulted in diminution, (i.e., feminization) of midbrain serotonin; con versely, testosterone in the neonatal female resulted in elevation, or masculinization, of midbrain serotonin (table V). The relative treatment relationships observed are similar to those reported by Ladowsky and Gaziri [17] for forebrain serotonin. However, we found that serotonin levels in both midbrain and corpus striatum from 12-day-old males ex ceeded those of females, while Ladowsky and Gaziri [17] reported that the forebrain level of serotonin in the female exceeded that in the male by over 50%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Brain Regional Levels of Neurotransmitter Amines as Neurochemical Correlates of Sex-Specific Ontogenesis in the Rat

Wilson¹,

Agrawal²

1979

Dev Neurosci

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Brain regional levels of three neurotransmitter amines – serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) – were measured in young rats prior to weaning to determine the extent to which modifications in levels of amines might reflect alterations in the sex steroid hormonal environment during the first postnatal week in the life of the rat. Sex-related levels of DA, NE, and 5-HT were found in some brain regions of the 12-day-old rat. Male midbrain DA exceeded the corresponding female value while female hypothalamic NE levels were greater than those of the male. Levels of 5-HT in the corpus striatum and the midbrain of males were greater than those of the female. Castration of the male on day 1 or testosterone propionate (TP) administration to the newborn female resulted in modifications of levels of midbrain 5-HT which reflected feminization of the castrated males and masculinization of the TP-treated females. Castration on day 1, or diethylstilbestrol given on days 2, 4, and 6, resulted in apparent feminization of NE levels in the hypothalamus of 12-day-old male rats. Thus, it appears that regional levels of hypothalamic NE and midbrain 5-HT in the 12-day-old rat may reflect the course of brain organizational activity which becomes recognizable in the adult as sex-specific behavior.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Brain Regional Levels of Neurotransmitter Amines as Neurochemical Correlates of Sex-Specific Ontogenesis in the Rat

Wilson¹,

Agrawal²

1979

Dev Neurosci

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“…There are also sexual differences in the brain content of serotonin in prepubertal rats and this difference may be re lated to the sexual differentiation of the central nervous system [7,10]. In prepubertal female rats 5-hydroxytrypto phan (5-HTP), a serotonin precursor, stimulates LH release at 16,18 and 20 days of age, but this effect was not observed at 26 days of age [12], The LH response to 5-HTP displays striking sexual differences since it is not observed in agematched male rats [II].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Sexual Differentiation of the Hypothalamus in the Differential Effect of the Serotoninergic System on LH in Prepubertal Male and Female Rats

Moguilevsky¹,

Faigón²,

Scacchi³

et al. 1987

Neuroendocrinology

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5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), a serotonin precursor, has been shown to induce LH release in female but not in male rats at 16, 18 and 20 days of age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of neonatal gonadal hormones on 5-HTP-induced LH release in male and female rats of 16 and 20 days of age. The following groups of rats were studied (a) control females, (b) androgenized females, (c) control males, and (d) castrated males. Androgenization and castration were performed within 48 h of birth. 5-HTP administration increased LH concentration in normal females and castrated males at 16 and 20 days of age. The LH release response to 5-HTP was significantly lower at 20 than at 16 days of age in both groups. Neonatal androgenization abolished the LH release response in prepubertal female rats. These results indicate that neonatal exposure to androgen is responsible for the sex difference in the LH response to 5-HTP, which may be associated with a regulatory action of serotonin on the cyclic hypothalamic control of gonadotrophin secretion.

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“…We selected these pharmacological co0es of the steroids (known to have long-term neueroendocrine inflfience.) in order to parallel other developmental studies (12)(13)(14). Control …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since transient sex differences in cerebral 5HT levels of neonatal rats (12,13) Brain weights were not significantly altered by the steroid treatments. Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…These "disruptive early experiences," such as exposure to temperature extremes or electric shocks, have been reported to alter adult behaviors, including open-field activity, active-avoidance, startle' responses, and "emotionality"' (6)(7)(8). Disruptive early experience also affects several neuroendocrine -parameters that involve the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to stress (5,9,10 (12)(13)(14). Con of mean) between groups of rats given cold treatment on postnatal day 1 (0) and untreated controls (-) when tested for three consecutive days as adults at about 240 days of age.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Altered Development of the Rat Brain Serotonergic System after Disruptive Neonatal Experience

Giulian

McEwen

Pohorecky

1974

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A single disruptive experience, a cold treatment, on postnatal day 1 elevated open-field activity and reduced reaction to handling in rats tested more than 240 days later. Neurochemical mechanisms underlying these behavioral phenomena were examined by monitoring the development of the rat brain serotonergic system. After cold treatment, elevations in 5-hydroxytryptamine levels of a preparation of forebrain plus midbrain could be first detected on postnatal day 16 in both sexes. A more detailed regional dissection of the brain showed that such increases occurred in the cerebrum, midbrain, septum-thalamus, and hypothalamus-preoptic area. Rats treated on pontnatal days' l or 6 showed increased 5-hydroxytryptamine le'vels, whereas animals treated on postnatal day 10 did not, a finding that points to a possible "critical period" of sensitivity. Hormone Treatments and Adrenalectomy. We tested the possibility that the effects of cold treatment may be mediated through the steroid hormones-testosterone, estradiol, or corticosterone-which play important roles in early' development of the rat (6). Neonates were removed from the nesting box during the first postnatal day of life and injected subcutaneously. Gonadal hormone-treated groups received 100 ug suspended in 0.05 ml of sesame oil) of the androgen, testosterone propionate (Calbiochem), or Qf the estrogen, estradiol benzoate (Steraloids; Pawling, N.Y.). Corticosterone groups were injected with 25 uIg of corticosterone (Steraloids), suspended in 0.05 ml of a 1.5% (v/v) benzobenzoate-sesame oil solution. We selected these pharmacological co0es of the steroids (known to have long-term neueroendocrine inflfience.) in order to parallel other developmental studies (12)(13)(14). Control

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Brain Serotonin and Sexual Differentiation of the Nervous System

Cited by 128 publications

References 6 publications

Brain Regional Levels of Neurotransmitter Amines as Neurochemical Correlates of Sex-Specific Ontogenesis in the Rat

Brain Regional Levels of Neurotransmitter Amines as Neurochemical Correlates of Sex-Specific Ontogenesis in the Rat

Role of Sexual Differentiation of the Hypothalamus in the Differential Effect of the Serotoninergic System on LH in Prepubertal Male and Female Rats

Altered Development of the Rat Brain Serotonergic System after Disruptive Neonatal Experience

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