Brain Research and Violent Behavior

Goldstein, Murray

doi:10.1001/archneur.1974.00490310003001

Cited by 128 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…It has been demonstrated in a variety of species that various kinds of stimulation of the preoptic anterior hypothalamic area induces aggressive reactions (e.g., electrical stimulation in cats [Hess and Briigger, 1943;Hunsperger, 1956;Akerman, 1966aAkerman, , 1966bVoweles and Beasley, 19741, birds [Roberts et al, 19671, opossums [Goldstein, 1974;Robinson et al, 19691 monkeys, and fish [Demski and Knigge, 19711). It has further been demonstrated that application of acetylcholine or carbachol directly into the medial preoptic area of cats elicits rage behavior [HernBndez-PCon et al, 19631 or affective displays accompanied by aggressive vocalizations [Allikmetz, 19721. These studies suggest that the medial preoptic area-anterior hypothalamic area (MPOA-AH) fulfills a facilitatory function for aggressive behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of medial preoptic hypothalamus anterior lesions on three kinds of behavior in the rat: Intermale aggressive, male-sexual, and mouse-killing behavior

Bermond¹

1982

Aggr. Behav.

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Large lesions in the medial preoptic area‐anterior hypothalamus (MPOA‐AH) of adult male S3 rats reduce both intermale aggressive behavior and male sexual behavior considerably, but mouse‐killing behavior is not impaired. Daily treatment with high doses of testosterone propionate for 21 days does not restore these behavioral effects. Smaller lesions in the same area affect male sexual and intermale aggressive behavior differently; in the frontal part of the MPOA‐AH they affect aggressive behavior, while in a more caudal part they affect sexual behavior. Indications were found that lesions in specific parts of the stria terminalis and the medial forebrain bundle inhibit aggressive and sexual behavior.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of medial preoptic hypothalamus anterior lesions on three kinds of behavior in the rat: Intermale aggressive, male-sexual, and mouse-killing behavior

Bermond¹

1982

Aggr. Behav.

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“…The sleep disturbance can precede the motor or cognitive symptoms of the disease by over ten years; therefore all patients suffering from RBD should be kept under regular review by a neurologist, who should be vigilant for any decline in cognition or motor function 13 . Approximately 90% of those who suffer from RBD are male 14 , leading to various hypotheses that sexual hormones may play a role, either in the failure of muscle atonia during sleep, or in a propensity to violent dreams 15 . However, one controlled study did not find any difference in the serum level of sex hormones between men with RBD and controls…”

Section: The Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Forensics: a critical review of the literature and brief comments on the Brazilian legal situation

Delgado-Rodrigues

Allen²,

Santos³

et al. 2014

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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While the idea of violent acts committed by an unwilling assailant in the throes of sleep has been recorded as early as the 1200s, it was not until 1686 that documentation for an English legal case was found. Colonel Cheyney Culpepper, a known and habitual sleepwalker, shot an officer of the guard with a blunderbuss 1 . He was first found insane at the Old Bailey, but then later pardoned by James II. From this point on, there were few legal cases using the sleep state as a defence, with none in the 1700s, no doubt in part due to the scepticism of the public and, indeed, of the scientific community at the time, as to the legitimacy of these conditions 2 .More cases began to spring up in the 1800s, partially attributed to the increase in newspaper circulation both in America and Europe, and the sensationalist stories of sleepwalkers becoming more popular with the general public. While physicians were aware of somnambulism and its potential for violence, and considered it a genuine disorder as early as the 1840s, they were generally informed only by their own experiences and single case reports 3 . Their testimonies were not always enough to sway a jury, with English psychiatrist John Pagan exclaiming "It would be exceedingly difficult to convince a jury of the real existence of such a condition" 4 . At this time, in the view of the public, sleepwalking was considered eccentric rather than malignant, and for the most part harmless. It was not until the 20 th century, when the speciality of sleep medicine was founded, that robust scientific ABStrActSleep medicine is a relatively new field among Medical Sciences. Its legal aspects are still obscure, either for lack of knowledge of the biological mechanisms underlying violent behaviour during sleep or the virtual absence of clear legal and uniformly accepted guidelines as to whether to punish or treat those disorders. An updated review of the pertinent literature was performed to determine the most prevalent pathological conditions involving violence and sleep and to identify their most common precipitating factors, attempting to provide some technical support to aid Brazilian medical-experts or assistants in preparing substantial and scientific-based reports in a legal environment.Keywords: sleep medicine, sleepwalking, behaviour disorder, parasomnia. reSumo A medicina do sono é um campo relativamente novo dentro das Ciências Médicas. Seus aspectos legais encontram-se ainda na obscuridade, seja por falta de conhecimento dos mecanismos biológicos do desenvolvimento dos transtornos de comportamento e da violência praticada em estados alterados de sono, seja por virtual ausência de previsão legal do binômio tratamento/punição. Realizamos revisão atualizada da literatura para determinar as condições patológicas mais prevalentes envolvendo violência e sono, identificar seus fatores precipitantes mais comuns e os critérios médico-legais que podem auxiliar eventuais médicos-peritos ou assistentes na elaboração de pareceres abalizados em âmbito legal.Palavras-chave: medicin...

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“…Inicialmente, talvez em função do peso da epilepsia de lobo temporal (ELT) e sua correspondente em comportamento violento, houve uma tendência a associar violência a disfunção dos lobos temporais e sistema límbico. 6 Em 1974, em revisão da literatura, Goldstein 15 concluiu pela fragilidade dessa relação. Posteriormente, inclusive, foi indicada uma maior associação entre crime violento e epilepsia generalizada, comparando-se com a ELT.…”

Section: Disfunção Em Lobos Frontais E Hemisfério Cerebral Esquerdounclassified

Comportamento violento e disfunção cerebral: estudo de homicidas no Rio de Janeiro

Jozef

Silva²,

Greenhalgh³

et al. 2000

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objetivos: Estudar a correlação entre disfunção cerebral e psicopatia em homicidas. Métodos: Foram separados em dois grupos (psicopatas e não-psicopatas) 29 homicidas "normais" (não-psicóticos), detidos em uma delegacia policial e escolhidos aleatoriamente, com base no HARE PCL-R (escala de avaliação de psicopatia). Ambos os grupos foram submetidos a testagem neuropsicológica, sendo empregados testes voltados para atividade em lobo frontal (Trail Making Test A e B, e subtestes do WAIS [Mosaico, Semelhanças e Símbolos Numéricos]). Resultados: Dos homicidas, 15 foram considerados psicopatas e 14, não-psicopatas. O subteste Mosaico, do WAIS, constituiu-se em discriminador entre os dois grupos pela presença significativa de resultados negativos em não-psicopatas (chi²=5,37; G.L.=1; P<0,05). Como a prevalência de diagnósticos de dependência/abuso de álcool/drogas foi maior entre os psicopatas, conclui-se que esse fator não influiu significativamente na melhor performance neuropsicológica desse grupo. Conclusões: Há evidências de correlação entre disfunção cerebral frontal e comportamento homicida em não-psicopatas. Sugere-se o emprego sistemático do PCL-R em populações forenses violentas, com o objetivo de atingir uma melhor depuração dos grupos estudados.

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Brain Research and Violent Behavior

Abstract: The development and use of biomedical methods for the treatment of behavioral Downloaded From: http://archneur.jamanetwork.com/ by a University of Manitoba User on 06/05/2015

Cited by 128 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of medial preoptic hypothalamus anterior lesions on three kinds of behavior in the rat: Intermale aggressive, male-sexual, and mouse-killing behavior

Effects of medial preoptic hypothalamus anterior lesions on three kinds of behavior in the rat: Intermale aggressive, male-sexual, and mouse-killing behavior

Sleep Forensics: a critical review of the literature and brief comments on the Brazilian legal situation

Comportamento violento e disfunção cerebral: estudo de homicidas no Rio de Janeiro

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