Brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of alcohol use disorders

Meyerhoff, Dieter J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00019-7

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…Glutamine/glutamate (Gln/Glu) amino acid ratio is believed to represent metabolic turnover that can be used as a marker for neurotransmission (Ongur et al, 2011), and has been shown to be altered as a function of alcohol use (Meyerhoff, 2014). Unexpectedly, Gln/Glu ratios in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were higher in FHN young adults relative to adolescents, but this pattern was not observed in the FHP groups (Cohen-Gilbert et al, 2015).…”

Section: Brain Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological phenotypes associated with a family history of alcoholism

Cservenka

2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Individuals with a family history of alcoholism are at much greater risk for developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD) than youth or adults without such history. A large body of research suggests that there are premorbid differences in brain structure and function in family history positive (FHP) individuals relative to their family history negative (FHN) peers. Methods This review summarizes the existing literature on neurobiological phenotypes present in FHP youth and adults by describing findings across neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies. Results Neuroimaging studies have shown FHP individuals differ from their FHN peers in amygdalar, hippocampal, basal ganglia, and cerebellar volume. Both increased and decreased white matter integrity has been reported in FHP individuals compared with FHN controls. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have found altered inhibitory control and working memory-related brain response in FHP youth and adults, suggesting neural markers of executive functioning may be related to increased vulnerability for developing AUDs in this population. Additionally, brain activity differences in regions involved in bottom-up reward and emotional processing, such as the nucleus accumbens and amygdala, have been shown in FHP individuals relative to their FHN peers. Conclusions It is critical to understand premorbid neural characteristics that could be associated with cognitive, reward-related, or emotional risk factors that increase risk for AUDs in FHP individuals. This information may lead to the development of neurobiologically informed prevention and intervention studies focused on reducing the incidence of AUDs in high-risk youth and adults.

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Section: Brain Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological phenotypes associated with a family history of alcoholism

Cservenka

2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…These analyses suggest that smoking adversely affects WM microstructure and hinders its recovery during abstinence from alcohol. Correspondingly, using MR spectroscopy, we detected lower concentrations of N -acetylaspartate (NAA), a marker of neuron health and viability (Miller, 1991; Schuff et al, 2001; Meyerhoff, 2014), within frontal WM of smoking versus non-smoking alcohol-dependent individuals (Wang et al., 2009; Durazzo et al, 2013); longitudinal recovery of NAA during alcohol abstinence was greater in the non-smoking than smoking individuals (for review see Meyerhoff, 2014). These findings suggest axonal injury related to cigarette smoking that affects neurobiological injury in AUD and hampers neurobiological recovery during abstinence (Durazzo et al, 2004; Wang et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of abstinence and chronic cigarette smoking on white matter microstructure in alcohol dependence: Diffusion tensor imaging at 4 T

Zou

Murray

Durazzo

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background We previously reported widespread microstructural deficits of brain white matter in alcohol-dependent individuals (ALC) compared to light drinkers in a small 1.5 Tesla diffusion tensor imaging study employing tract-based spatial statistics. Using a larger dataset acquired at 4 Tesla, the present study is an extension that investigated the effects of alcohol consumption, abstinence from alcohol, and comorbid cigarette smoking on white matter microstructure. Methods Tract-based spatial statistics were performed on 20 1-week-abstinent ALC, 52 1-month-abstinent ALC, and 30 controls. Regional measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in the significant clusters were compared by Analysis of Covariance. The metrics were correlated with substance use history and behavioral measures. Results 1-week-abstinent ALC showed lower FA than controls in the corpus callosum, right cingulum, external capsule, and hippocampus. At 1 month of abstinence, only the FA in the body of the corpus callosum of ALC remained significantly different from controls. Some regional FA deficits correlated with more severe measures of drinking and smoking histories but only weakly with mood and impulsivity measures.. Conclusion White matter microstructure is abnormal during early abstinence in alcohol dependent treatment seekers and recovers into the normal range within about four weeks. The compromised white matter was related to substance use severity, mood, and impulsivity. Our findings suggest that ALC may benefit from interventions that facilitate normalization of DTI metrics to maintain abstinence, via smoking cessation, cognitive-based therapy, and perhaps pharmacology to support remyelination.

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“…Proton MRS has been successfully used to detect ethanol in human brain tissue in vivo . MRS has also been applied to examine alcohol tolerance and to demonstrate the metabolic alterations induced by chronic alcoholism . Despite its potential, MRS has rarely been applied for postmortem measurements or forensic investigations; however, noninvasive MRS offers several advantages for postmortem investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ postmortem ethanol quantification in the cerebrospinal fluid by non‐water‐suppressed proton MRS

et al. 2019

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Determination of the ethanol concentration in corpses with MRS would allow a reproducible forensic assessment by which evidence is collected in a noninvasive manner. However, although MRS has been successfully used to detect ethanol in vivo, it has not been applied to postmortem ethanol quantification in situ. The present study examined the feasibility of the noninvasive measurement of the ethanol concentration in human corpses with MRS. A total of 15 corpses with suspected alcohol consumption before demise underwent examination in a 3 T whole body scanner.To address the partial overlap of the ethanol and lactate signal in the postmortem spectrum, non-water-suppressed single voxel spectra were recorded in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the left lateral ventricle via the metabolite cycling technique. The ethanol signals were quantified using the internal water as reference standard, as well as based on a reference signal acquired in a phantom. The measured values were compared with biochemically determined concentrations in the blood (BAC) and CSF (CSFAC). In 8 of the 15 corpses a BAC above zero was determined (range 0.03-1.68 g/kg). In all of these 8 corpses, ethanol was measured in CSF with the proposed MRS protocol. The two applied MRS calibration strategies resulted in similar concentrations. However, the MRS measurements generally overestimated the ethanol concentration by 0.09 g/kg (4%) to 0.72 g/kg (45%) as compared with the CSFAC value. The presented MRS protocol allows the measurement of ethanol in the CSF in human corpses and provides an estimation of the ethanol concentration prior to autopsy. Observed deviations from biochemically determined concentrations are mainly explained by the approximate correction of the relaxation attenuation of the ethanol signal.

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Brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of alcohol use disorders

Cited by 29 publications

References 187 publications

Neurobiological phenotypes associated with a family history of alcoholism

Neurobiological phenotypes associated with a family history of alcoholism

Effects of abstinence and chronic cigarette smoking on white matter microstructure in alcohol dependence: Diffusion tensor imaging at 4 T

In situ postmortem ethanol quantification in the cerebrospinal fluid by non‐water‐suppressed proton MRS

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