Brain Plasticity and Neurophysiological Correlates of Meditation in Long-Term Meditators: A<sup>18</sup>Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Study Based on an Innovative Methodology

Magan, Dipti; Yadav, Raj Kumar; Bal, Chandra Shekhar; Mathur, Rashmi; Pandey, Ravindra Mohan

doi:10.1089/acm.2019.0167

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These areas are also found to be active on fMRI during meditation process by several studies, as concluded in the meta-analysis by Boccia et al (2015). Magan et al (2019) in the FDG-PET 18-fluorodeoxyglucose-(FDG-PET) study of 12 long term meditators showed the activation of the fronto-parieto-temporal regions. Even though this study is based on short-term meditators, it is interesting to see how quickly the energy metabolism changes.…”

Section: Cerebral Magnesium and Phmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Brain Energy Metabolism in Two States of Mind Measured by Phosphorous Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Galijašević

Steiger

Regodic

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Introduction: Various functional neuroimaging studies help to better understand the changes in brain activity during meditation. The purpose of this study was to investigate how brain energy metabolism changes during focused attention meditation (FAM) state, measured by phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS).Methods:31P-MRS imaging was carried out in 27 participants after 7 weeks of FAM training. Metabolite ratios and the absolute values of metabolites were assessed after meditation training in two MRI measurements, by comparing effects in a FAM state with those in a distinct focused attention awake state during a backwards counting task.Results: The results showed decreased phosphocreatine/ATP (PCr/ATP), PCr/ inorganic phosphate (Pi), and intracellular pH values in the entire brain, but especially in basal ganglia, frontal lobes, and occipital lobes, and increased Pi/ATP ratio, cerebral Mg, and Pi absolute values were found in the same areas during FAM compared to the control focused attention awake state.Conclusions: Changes in the temporal areas and basal ganglia may be interpreted as a higher energetic state induced by meditation, whereas the frontal and occipital areas showed changes that may be related to a down-regulation in ATP turnover, energy state, and oxidative capacity.

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Section: Cerebral Magnesium and Phmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Magan et al ( 2019 ) in the FDG-PET 18-fluorodeoxyglucose-(FDG-PET) study of 12 long term meditators showed the activation of the fronto–parieto–temporal regions. Even though this study is based on short-term meditators, it is interesting to see how quickly the energy metabolism changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Energy Metabolism in Two States of Mind Measured by Phosphorous Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Galijašević

Steiger

Regodic

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Importantly, pranayama emphasizes long exhalation and conscious slow breathing that positively modulates the parasympathetic nervous system ( 33 , 34 ). Yoga-meditation influences different areas of the brain, specifically on the right side of the brain, which might influence the neuroendocrinological axis ( 30 , 35 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intervention is delivered to a group of six to eight participants at a time, allowing them ample time to interact with the experts (medical doctors, yoga experts, and dietitians). The YBLI used in this study has been pretested and published previously (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30).…”

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confidence: 99%

Transcriptional modulation of inflammation, and aging in Indian obese adults following a 12-week yoga-based lifestyle intervention: A randomized controlled trial

Sharma

Yadav²,

Khadgawat³

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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IntroductionObesity is one of the major global problems in today's world, both in children, and the adult age group. Current evidence suggests obesity alters the expression of various genes related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging. In recent times complementary therapy like yoga-based lifestyle intervention (YBLI) is used as an adjunct therapy to modern medicine. This study examines the efficacy of 12 weeks of yoga-based lifestyle intervention with standard care (SC) on the expression of genes related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging in obese adults.MethodsThis was a two-arm parallel randomized control trial implemented at Integral Health Clinic (IHC), an outpatient facility that regularly conducted YBLI programs for the prevention of lifestyle diseases like obesity and diabetes in the Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. Blood samples at baseline and weeks 2,4, and 12 were collected from 72 adults (male n = 21; female n = 51) of age 20–45 years with a body–mass index (BMI) of 25–35 kg/m2 who were randomized to receive either a 12-week SC (n = 36) or YBLI (n = 36). SC included recommendations for the management of obesity as per Indian guidelines including a low-calorie individualized diet and physical activity. Asana (physical postures), pranayama (breathing exercises), and meditation were all part of the YBLI. Primary outcomes were relative fold change in the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress [Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-Kappa B)], inflammation [Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6)], and aging [human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)] in peripheral blood mononuclear cells between the two groups at week-12.ResultsThere were no significant changes in fold change of TERT, IL-6, and NF-kappa B between the groups at week 12. The relative fold change of TERT was significantly greater in the YBLI group (p = <0.0001) vs the SC group at 2 weeks. The relative fold change of TNF α was significantly lower at week 12 in YBLI though the change was not continuous and reliable. Within both groups, TERT expression was significantly increased at week 2 though the change was greater in the YBLI group (p < 0.0001). TNF α gene expression was significantly lower at weeks 2 and 4, compared to baseline level, in the SC group but it increased at week 12.ConclusionThe results while did not confirm our hypothesis, are important to share with the scientific society, to be able to improve prospective study designs and find optimal time/intervention/biological marker settings for this highly important scientific field. The results are suggestive of a positive impact of YBLI and SC on the fold change of aging-related TERT gene in obesity, though the benefit was not evident till week 12. However, the results should be evaluated with caution and in light of other published studies. To better understand the positive effects of YBLI on oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging-related gene expression in obesity, larger studies are recommended.

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“…Mediation can be practiced by focusing on an object or event (Focused Attention) or, in a more advanced modality, without recourse to this tactic (Open Monitoring) [18]. Meditation has been reported to offer multiple psychoneurophysiological benefits, including: reduction in stress and inflammation [19]; increase in attentional networks at neural level [20], enhancement of explicit functions of parts of the right hemisphere [21], and the alleviation of psychological distress in cancer patients [22]. The American Heart Association considers meditation as an adjunct to guideline-directed cardiovascular risk reduction [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Meditation on Mental Health and Cardiovascular Balance in Caregivers

Díaz‐Rodríguez

Vargas-Román

Sánchez-García

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Caring for a loved one can be rewarding but also associated with substantial caregiver burden, developing mental outcomes and affecting happiness. Eventually, these physical and psychological disorders can lead to an imbalance of the autonomic nervous system. Meditation has been found to offer multiple benefits to relieve these disorders and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a four-week 16-hour presential meditation program on physiological and psychological parameters and vagal nerve activity in high-burden caregivers, comparing the results with those not receiving this program. Methods: A non-randomized repeated-measures controlled clinical trial was conducted, dividing participants between intervention and control groups by convenience allocation because random assignment was ethically inappropriate. Results: After the meditation program, the experimental group showed a significant reduction in anxiety levels (F= 24.92, p<0.001), a non-significant amelioration of depression levels (F= 1.75, p=0.19), and significantly improved heart rate variability (F= 8.40, p<0.05) and SDNN (F=15.59, p<0.05). Conclusions: Meditation can be a useful therapy to enhance the mental health and autonomic nervous system balance of informal caregivers, improving symptoms of physical and mental overload.

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Brain Plasticity and Neurophysiological Correlates of Meditation in Long-Term Meditators: A¹⁸Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Study Based on an Innovative Methodology

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Brain Energy Metabolism in Two States of Mind Measured by Phosphorous Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Brain Energy Metabolism in Two States of Mind Measured by Phosphorous Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Transcriptional modulation of inflammation, and aging in Indian obese adults following a 12-week yoga-based lifestyle intervention: A randomized controlled trial

Effects of Meditation on Mental Health and Cardiovascular Balance in Caregivers

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Brain Plasticity and Neurophysiological Correlates of Meditation in Long-Term Meditators: A18Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Study Based on an Innovative Methodology

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Brain Energy Metabolism in Two States of Mind Measured by Phosphorous Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Brain Energy Metabolism in Two States of Mind Measured by Phosphorous Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Transcriptional modulation of inflammation, and aging in Indian obese adults following a 12-week yoga-based lifestyle intervention: A randomized controlled trial

Effects of Meditation on Mental Health and Cardiovascular Balance in Caregivers

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Product

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Brain Plasticity and Neurophysiological Correlates of Meditation in Long-Term Meditators: A¹⁸Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Study Based on an Innovative Methodology